Environment & Biodiversity MCQs

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Flying Fox is a bat which is found in tropical forests and swamps, near bodies of water all over India.

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A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) act as indirect greenhouse gases by producing the tropospheric greenhouse gas ‘ozone’ via photochemical reactions in the atmosphere.

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The Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary (DWS) is located in Baragarh district, Odisha and covers an area of 346.91 square kilometers. This sanctuary is not only famous for the sylvan beauty with magnificent waterfalls but is also very rich in wildlife. The dry deciduous forests with varied flora and fauna attract the tourists of Odisha and neighbouring states. It is home to Indian leopard, Indian elephant, sambar, chital, gaur, etc.

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The Nameri National Park (NNP) is located in the foothills of the eastern Himalayas in the Sonitpur District of Assam and covers an area of 200 km2. This forest has over 600 species. Some notable species are Gmelina arborea, Michelia champaca, Amari and Bonjolokia. The park is an ideal habitat for a host of other animals including the tiger, leopard, sambar, dhole (the Asiatic wild dog), pygmy hog and Indian wild bison. It is home for orchids like Dendrobium, Cymbidiumand Cypripedioideae.

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Arsenicosis or Black foot is caused by exposure over a period of time to Arsenic in drinking water. It may also be due to intake of arsenic via food or air. Kindly note that Itai-itai disease is caused by Cadmium poisoning.

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Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is considered as the largest tiger reserve in India. It was stablished in the year 1983. It spreads over five districts i.e. Kurnool, Prakasam, Guntur, Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar. The total area of the reserve is 3,728 sq km.

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The White Tiger, a pigmentation variant of the Royal Bengal Tiger, is peculiar to a few Indian regions such as Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Odisha, and specifically West Bengal in the Sunderbans region, their primary habitat. This species is famous for their unique coloration, lending them a ghost-like aura. Notably, Madhya Pradesh houses the world’s first ‘White Tiger Safari’. Though white tigers are found in a few other areas as well, West Bengal is particularly recognized for these majestic big cats.

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An ecotone is defined as the transition area between two biological communities, where two communities meet and integrate. It may be narrow or else wide, local as well as regional.

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Global hectare is used to measure the ecological foot print as well as biocapacity of entire Earth. In terms of Ecological Footprint, one global hectare refers to average productive land and water an individual, population or entity requires producing all the resources it consumes.

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The correct answer is Energy. In a food chain, the transfer of energy is characteristically inefficient – a phenomenon known as the 10% rule, implying that only around 10% of the energy at each trophic level is available for transfer to the next. This invariably leads to a decrease in energy across each level of the food chain. Incidentally, due to this inefficiency of energy transfer, the length of food chains is often restricted, and extensive systems for recycling nutrients and materials exist in ecosystems.