Environment & Biodiversity MCQs

Notes:
The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants (POPs). POPs are chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of living organisms and are toxic to humans and wildlife. 

Notes:
The Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS) is located along the Western Ghats in Mukundapuram taluk of Thrissur District of Kerala. The sanctuary is an important bird area with 192 recorded avian species such as grey-headed bulbul, Indian rufous babbler, white-bellied blue-flycatcher, Ceylon frogmouth, Indian edible-nest swiftlet, Malabar trogon and Loten’s sunbird. The sanctuary also offers trekking paths for the adventure traveller.

Notes:
The Rani Jhansi Marine National Park (RJMNP) is located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and covers an area of 256.14 square kilometres. It was founded in 1996 and commemorates Lakshmibai, the Rani of Jhansi (1828-58). The park provides shelter to some very crucial wildlife and habitats which include Dugongs, Crocodiles, Marine Life, Coral Reefs, Mangroves, Terrestrial Moist forest and birds. It is an area which is strictly reserved for the betterment of the wildlife & biodiversity, and where activities like developmental, forestry, poaching, hunting and grazing on cultivation are not permitted. Their boundaries are well marked and circumscribed.

Notes:
Primary pollutants are directly emitted from the sources. Examples of primary pollutants are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and benzene etc. Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. They are formed from the combination of primary pollutants with some other compound. Examples of secondary pollutants are Ozone, Formaldehyde, PAN (peroxy acetyl nitrate) and Smog etc.

Notes:
In situ conservation means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties.
Ex situ conservation means the conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats.
Examples of In situ Conservation: National Parks, Wild Life sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Gene Sanctuaries
Examples of Ex situ Conservation: Captive Breeding, Gene Banks, Seed Banks, Zoos, Aquaria, In vitro fertilization, Cryopreservation, Tissue Culture

Notes:
The Intergovernmental Panel which is an intergovernmental body of the United Nations, was founded in the year 1988 by Bert Bolin. Its head quarter is located in Geneva, Switzerland. Its objective is to provide scientific information that is relevant to understanding the scientific basis of the risk associated with climate change and its natural, political, economic impacts and possible remedies.

Notes:
National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency is a mission under the National Action Plan for Climate Change, which was taken by the Government of India to promote efficient market by fostering innovative policies and effective instruments.

Notes:
Coffea liberica is a species that originated in Liberia. Its variety Baraco is a major crop in Philippines.
Coffea arabica is indigenous to Ethiopia and Arab world. It is also known as Coffee Shrub of Arabia and is believed to be the first variety of Coffee to be cultivated.
Coffea charrieriana is a coffee that is free of caffeine. It is found in Cameroon.
Mocha Coffee or Cafe mocha is derived from Coffea Arabica. This name derived from the Mocha town of Yemen. Yemen was the largest producer and exporter of Mocha Coffee 

Notes:
Panikulangara is a variety of cardamom. The variety is called Panikulangara Green Bold No.1 (PGB-1). It retains its green color and size even after drying.
Panikulangara is one of nine varieties of small cardamom that were trialed by the Indian Institute of Spices Research. Other varieties include Arjun and Wonder Cardamom.

Notes:
The researchers have discovered a new greenhouse gas called perfluorotributylamine (PFBTA), which has highest impact on global warming to date. It is used in electrical industry. It is colorless.