Environment & Biodiversity MCQs

Notes:
Lawachara National Park (LNP) is located at Kamalganj Upazila, Maulvi Bazar District of Bangladesh and covers an area of 12.5 km2. It is a major national park and nature reserve in Bangladesh. There are 460 species, of which 167 species are plants, 4 amphibian species, 6 reptile species, 246 bird species, 20 mammal species, and 17 insect species. The park is considered of critical importance because the last viable population of critically endangered Western Hoolock Gibbons survive here.

Notes:
The Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary (KWS) is located in the Rajsamand District of Rajasthan and covers an area of 578 km2. It is home to Indian wolf, Indian leopard, sloth bear, striped hyena, Golden jackal, jungle cat, sambhar, nilgai, chausingha, etc.

Notes:
A lichen is a composite organism consisting of a fungus (the mycobiont) and a photosynthetic partner (the photobiont or phycobiont) (usually algae) growing together in a symbiotic relationship.

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Primary pollutants are directly emitted from the sources. Examples of primary pollutants are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and benzene etc. Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly. They are formed from the combination of primary pollutants with some other compound. Examples of secondary pollutants are Ozone, Formaldehyde, PAN (peroxy acetyl nitrate) and Smog etc.

Notes:
The Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR) is located inside the Buxa National Park in Alipurduar district of West Bengal and covers an area of 760-square-kilometre. It is home to tiger, civet, elephant, gaur (Indian bison), Indian boar, red jungle fowl, etc. The Endangered species found in the reserve are Indian tiger, Asian elephant, leopard cat, Bengal florican, regal python, Chinese pangolin, hispid hare, etc.

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Synthetic fuel is a liquid or gaseous fuel (which is obtained from a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) which was formed by coal or biomass or by reforming of natural gas. Some of the conversion methods are Fischer–Tropsch conversion, methanol to gasoline conversion, direct coal liquefaction.

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The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute was established in 1947. Later it joined the Indian Council of Agricultural Research in 1967. The Headquarters of the organization is located in Kochi, Kerala. One of the three regional center is located in Vishakhapatnam.

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The Green Climate Fund (GCF) is a new global fund created to support the efforts of developing countries to respond to the challenge of climate change. GCF helps developing countries limit or reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapt to climate change. It seeks to promote a paradigm shift to low-emission and climate-resilient development, taking into accounts the needs of nations that are particularly vulnerable to climate change impacts. In the Copenhagen Accord, established during the 2009, the decision to set up a “Green Climate Fund” was taken.

Notes:
Panikulangara is a variety of cardamom. The variety is called Panikulangara Green Bold No.1 (PGB-1). It retains its green color and size even after drying.
Panikulangara is one of nine varieties of small cardamom that were trialed by the Indian Institute of Spices Research. Other varieties include Arjun and Wonder Cardamom.

Notes:
Brundtland Commission was named after Gro Harlem Brundtland, the former Prime Minister of Norway. This commission, formally known as World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) was established by UN in 1983. It had released its report called Brundtland Report in 1987. This report popularized the term Sustainable Development.