Environment & Biodiversity MCQs

Notes:
The Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS) is a protected area in Jhajjar district of Haryana and covers an area of 411.55 hectares. The major wildlife supported here are neelgai, geedar, langur and Bandar, blue peafowl, rufous treepie, greater coucal, Indian grey hornbill, coppersmith barbet, etc.

Notes:
The Ghatigaon Wildlife Sanctuary (GWS) is located near Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh and covers an area of 511 square kilometers. The sanctuary is also as the Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary. It houses many varieties of flora such as Khair, Murjan, Palash, Seja, Dhawada, Royenja, Ghote, Beweg, Dhaman, Salai, Heans and Katli. The sanctuary is also a home to the blackbuck, chital, monkey, wolf, blue bull, wild boar, fox and hyena.

Notes:
In a forest ecosystem, the base of the Pyramid is formed by the producers like large size trees. The herbivores such as fruit eating birds, deer, elephants etc. make the primary consumers and are less than primary producers. After that, the number goes down at each successive level. Thus, a Pyramid of numbers in a Forest Ecosystem is partially upright or spindle shaped and the numbers is broad in center.

Notes:
Shale gas is natural gas that is found in shale formations. It has become a significant source of natural gas. It is becoming more and more popular in today’s Global Gas Exploration Market, because of its abundance.

Notes:
Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon, which is situated in Odisha state at the mouth of the Daya River, covering an area of over 1,100 km. It is the largest wintering ground for migratory birds (Indian sub-continent). It is one of the hotspots of biodiversity in India. Some species of IUCN Red List of threatened animals inhabit the Chilika lake for at least part of their life cycle.

Notes:
Denitrifying bacteria is capable of performing denitrification as part of the nitrogen cycle. It metabolises the nitrogenous compounds using various enzymes and turning the nitrogen oxides back to the nitrogen gas or nitrous oxide.

Notes:
The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity was adopted on 29 January 2000 as a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity and entered into force on 11 September 2003. It is an international treaty governing the movements of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology from one country to another.

Notes:
The Montreux Record is a register of wetland sites under the threat of anthropogenic activities (on the List of Ramsar wetlands of international importance). Presently 48 sites are listed in Montreux Record.

Notes:
The key feature of tropical rainforests is “plenty of moisture, heat, and no winter.” These forests are located near the equator, where temperatures typically range from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F) year-round. They receive over 2000 mm (79 inches) of rainfall annually, with no distinct dry season. This climate supports high biodiversity, with over half of the world’s plant and animal species found in these ecosystems. Notable examples include the Amazon Rainforest and the Congo Basin.

Notes:
The Mediterranean region of Europe typically experiences hot, dry summers while most of the precipitation falls during the winter months. The Mediterranean region experiences Cyclonic rainfall during winter and the Orographic effect enhances the cyclonic rainfall.