Environment & Biodiversity Current Affairs MCQs

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Researchers in Meghalaya’s subtropical forests discovered two new feather mite species: Trouessartia thalassina and Proterothrix sibillae. Trouessartia thalassina was found on the Verditer Flycatcher, named for its sea-green plumage; it has unique semi-ovate structures in males and non-sclerotized lacunae in females. Proterothrix sibillae, found on the Small Niltava, is larger and named after naturalist Maria Sibylla Merian. Feather mites are microscopic arachnids that feed on oils and debris in bird feathers, usually benefiting their hosts but sometimes turning parasitic. They spread through close bird contact, especially during nesting.

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A team from Bengaluru-based Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE) discovered five new species of Darwin wasps from India and Thailand. These parasitoid wasps parasitize insects like moths, beetles, and ants. They have a head, thorax, abdomen, six legs, and large compound eyes. Females lay eggs on host larvae or pupae. Some use their ovipositors to drill into wood. The wasps help control crop-damaging pests like aphids and caterpillars. Four new species were found in India: Microleptes chiani (Tamil Nadu), Microleptes gowrishankari (Karnataka), Microleptes sandeshkaduri (Arunachal Pradesh), and Microleptes tehriensis (Uttarakhand).

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The Supreme Court directed the Rajasthan government to protect sacred groves, or Orans, as “forests” and conduct district-wise mapping based on their ecological and cultural significance. Orans are traditional sacred groves in Rajasthan managed by rural communities through sacred practices and codes. They are biodiversity-rich spaces often featuring water bodies and are associated with local deities. Communities have conserved Orans for centuries, integrating them into their cultural, social, and agrarian lives. Orans serve as grazing grounds for livestock and venues for communal gatherings, festivals, and rituals, reinforcing environmental conservation efforts.

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Assam introduced Anti-Depredation Squads near Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary in Morigaon. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary is located in east of Guwahati, Assam. It was established in 1998 and spans 48.81 sq km. It is part of the Brahmaputra floodplains and includes Rajamayong and Pobitora Reserve Forests. The sanctuary is surrounded by small hills like Kasasila, Hatimuria, Boha, Kardia, Govardan, and Panbari. Pobitora has the highest density of Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros in India. It contributed to the Indian Rhinoceros Vision 2020 by translocating eight rhinos to Manas National Park.

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The Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) has directed Madhya Pradesh to address complaints from 52 villages regarding non-recognition of forest rights and forceful eviction near the Rani Durgavati Tiger Reserve. Villagers from Damoh, Narsinghpur, and Sagar districts allege violations of the Forest Rights Act (FRA) and Wildlife Protection Act (WLPA) after the reserve was notified in September 2023. The Rani Durgavati Tiger Reserve is located in Madhya Pradesh. The reserve is spread across the districts of Sagar, Damoh, and Narsinghpur, covering an area of 2,339 square kilometers.

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Golden jackals, also called common jackals, are medium-sized wolf-like canids. They are adapting to environmental changes and are less inclined to avoid humans. In human-inhabited areas, they are strictly nocturnal but may be partly diurnal in other regions. They inhabit valleys, rivers, lakes, canals, and seashores, but are rare in low mountains. They are found in parts of Africa, Europe, South Asia, and India. Their conservation status is “Least Concern” under IUCN.

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Zoological Survey of India scientists recently discovered a new pangolin species, the Indo-Burmese pangolin (Manis indoburmanica), in Arunachal Pradesh. This species is genetically distinct from the Chinese (Manis pentadactyla) and Indian (Manis crassicaudata) pangolins. Genetic analysis shows an 8% difference from the Chinese pangolin, with divergence around 3.4 million years ago. The species is found in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and possibly Nepal, Bhutan, and Myanmar, at altitudes between 180-1830 meters. It has dark brown and olive-brown scales with a pinkish face, typical of Asian pangolins.

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Tungabhadra River water turned green near villages in Mundargi taluk, Gadag district, Karnataka, causing panic. It is a major tributary of the Krishna River, sacred to Hindus, and mentioned as “Pampa” in the Ramayana. The river originates from the Tunga (147 km) and Bhadra (178 km) streams in the Western Ghats and runs 531 km to meet the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh. It passes through Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and forms an interstate boundary.

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Researchers from the Zoological Survey of India discovered two goby fish species, Hemigobius hoevenii and Mugilogobius tigrinus, in the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh. Goby fish are typically found in estuarine and mangrove areas, playing a vital role in the ecosystem by occupying multiple levels in the food chain and serving as environmental health indicators.

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Jharkhand Forest Department is studying ways to revive the declining Bison (Gaur) population at Palamu Tiger Reserve (PTR). It is located in the western part of Latehar district on the Chhotanagpur plateau in Jharkhand. It is part of the Betla National Park and was one of the first nine tiger reserves under ‘Project Tiger.’ It holds historical significance as the first reserve where a tiger census was conducted in 1932 using pugmark counting.