11. As per a recent research, individuals infected with which disease are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes?
[A] Influenza
[B] COVID-19
[C] Hypertension
[D] Dengue
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [COVID-19]
Notes:
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic health condition that impacts the way the body processes blood sugar (glucose).
According to a new research, individuals infected with COVID-19 were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes within a year of their infection, compared to those who have not been exposed to the viral pathogen.
12. ‘Lean Diabetes’ condition is spreading among the tribal people of which state/UT?
[A] Jharkhand
[B] Chhattisgarh
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Karnataka
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Chhattisgarh]
Notes:
Lean diabetes is a medical condition that involves dual stress of intermittent starvation and overload of carbohydrate metabolism.
Cases of lean diabetes is seen spreading among tribals in Chhattisgarh. The rise of non-communicable diseases (NCD), including diabetes, has been recognised as a problem area in India.
13. किस राज्य/केंद्र शासित प्रदेश के आदिवासी लोगों में लीन डायबिटीज (Lean Diabetes) की स्थिति फैल रही है?
[A] झारखंड
[B] छत्तीसगढ़
[C] मध्य प्रदेश
[D] कर्नाटक
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [छत्तीसगढ़]
Notes:
दुबला मधुमेह (Lean Diabetes) एक चिकित्सा स्थिति है जिसमें आंतरायिक भुखमरी और कार्बोहाइड्रेट चयापचय (carbohydrate metabolism) के अधिभार के दोहरे तनाव शामिल हैं। छत्तीसगढ़ में आदिवासियों में लीन डायबिटीज के मामले फैलते देखे जा रहे हैं।
14. Which of the following statements on diabetes is/are correct?
- Type 1 – body doesn’t use insulin well.
- Type 2 – is due to an autoimmune reaction.
- Gestational – develops is pregnant ladies.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 3]
Notes:
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition that prevents insulin production, affecting 5-10% of diabetics. daily insulin is essential for survival, and prevention is unknown. Type 2 diabetes, affecting 90-95% of diabetics, results from insulin resistance and can be prevented or delayed through lifestyle changes like weight loss and healthy eating. Gestational diabetes occurs in pregnant women without prior diabetes, posing risks to both mother and child, including increased likelihood of type 2 diabetes and obesity later in life.
15. Which country approved the world’s first therapy for prevention of type 1 diabetes?
[A] India
[B] USA
[C] Germany
[D] UK
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [USA]
Notes:
The US Food and Drug Administration approved the world’s first therapy for prevention of type 1 diabetes.
The monoclonal antibody teplizumab, which will be marketed under the brand name Tzield, is a biologic therapy that delays the onset of type 1 diabetes.
16. What is the theme of the ‘World Diabetes Day 2022’?
[A] Access to diabetes education
[B] Awareness and Education
[C] Inclusion in medical care
[D] Availability of Medicines
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Access to diabetes education]
Notes:
World Diabetes Day is observed every year on November 14 by the World Health Organisation. It aims to raise awareness of diabetes as a global public health issue and solutions for prevention, diagnosis and management of the condition.
This year’s theme “Access to diabetes education” follows the multi-year theme of “Access to care.” As per WHO, there were about 8.4 million individuals worldwide with type-1 diabetes in 2021.
17. Consider the following statements:
(Plants: Medicinal use)
- Arjun : ear ache
- Kachnar : asthma and ulcers
- Babool : eye sores
- Jamun : diabetes
Which of the above is/are matched correctly?
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 2 and 3
[C] Only 3 and 4
[D] All of the above
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [All of the above ]
Notes:- Jamun : The juice from the ripe fruit is used to prepare vinegar, which is carminative and diuretic, and has digestive properties. The powder of the seed is used for controlling diabetes.
- Arjun : The fresh juice of leaves is a cure for ear-ache. It is also used to regulate blood pressure.
- Babool : Leaves are used as a cure for eye sores. Its gum is used as a tonic.
- Neem : Has high antibiotic and antibacterial properties.
- Tulsi : Is used to cure cough and cold.
- Kachnar : Is used to cure asthma and ulcers. The buds and roots are good for digestive problems.
18. Consider the following statements on types of diabetes:
- Lean diabetes is a kind of hybrid of type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
- Beta cells are destroyed in type-1 diabetes.
- Pituitary hormone vasopressin is impaired in diabetes insipidus.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:- Lean Diabetes (LD) may be a kind of “hybrid” of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. They may not make enough insulin or respond to it very well. People with lean diabetes have a history of malnutrition in utero (in the uterus) and continue to have a low BMI into adulthood.
- Type 1 diabetes is a condition in which your immune system destroys insulin-making cells in your pancreas. These are called beta cells.
- Diabetes insipidus can be defined as a disease in which the secretion of or response to the pituitary hormone vasopressin is impaired, resulting in the loss of too many quantities of dilute urine often with dehydration and insatiable thirst.
19. Which of the following drugs can be used to treat diabetes?
- Prokineticin-2
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
- Sodium-glucose transporter
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]
Notes:- The drug molecule known as Prokineticin-2 or PK2, has been identified by the researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. The molecule can be used as a viable treatment for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The molecule can trigger insulin release by the pancreatic beta (β) cells. It shows great potential as an oral medication for managing diabetes.
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors help the body continue to make insulin. They work by reducing blood sugar without causing hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar).
- Sodium-glucose transporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors work by preventing the kidneys from holding on to glucose. Instead, your body gets rid of the glucose through your urine.
20. A man suffering from diabetes mellitus drinks water more frequently as he has to eliminate from the blood extra ____:
[A] Glucose
[B] Insulin
[C] Glucagon
[D] Salt
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Glucose]
Notes:
The diabetic person has higher sugar in blood. Glucose is a form of water soluble sugar. Excess blood sugar decreases the elasticity of blood vessels and causes them to narrow, impeding blood flow. This can lead to a reduced supply of blood and oxygen, increasing the risk of high blood pressure and damage to large and small blood vessels.
