1. With respect to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), which of the following observations is/are correct?
- The ACC is the only ocean current connecting the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
- The ACC is over 100 times more powerful than the Amazon River.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2.
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]
Notes:- The ACC is the only ocean current connecting the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Correct: The ACC is indeed the only ocean current that connects the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, playing a crucial role in global ocean circulation.
- The ACC is over 100 times more powerful than the Amazon River. Correct: The ACC is over 100 times more powerful than the Amazon River, making it the most powerful ocean current in the world, significantly influencing climate and marine ecosystems.
2. In the context of cocoa production, consider the following statements:
- It is mainly grown in an area of land around the equator between 20 degrees latitude north and south.
- It is known as a crop of humid tropics and is native to Amazon basin of South America.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Nor 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]
Notes:- It is mainly grown in an area of land around the equator between 20 degrees latitude north and south. Correct: It is mainly grown in an area of land around the equator between 20 degrees latitude north and south. Cocoa was evolved as an under-storey crop in the Amazonian forests. Thus commercial cultivation of cocoa can be taken up in plantations where 50 per cent of light is ideally available.
- It is known as a crop of humid tropics and is native to Amazon basin of South America. Correct: It is known as a crop of humid tropics and is native to Amazon basin of South America. In India, it is mainly cultivated in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu mainly as intercrop with Arecanut and Coconut.
3. Consider the following statements about Boreal Forests:
- It consists mainly of coniferous trees like pine, spruce, and fir, along with some broadleaf species such as poplar and birch.
- The circumboreal belt covers 30% of global forest area and contains more surface freshwater than any other biome.
- The deforestation rate in boreal forests is higher than in tropical rainforests.
- The boreal forest plays a crucial role in the planet’s future, second only to the Amazon.
Which statements are incorrect?
[A] Only one
[B] Only two
[C] Only three
[D] All four
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only one]
Notes:- Boreal forests are found in high-latitude regions where freezing temperatures last for 6 to 8 months, with trees reaching a minimum height of 5 meters and a canopy cover of at least 10%.
- These forests are primarily made up of coniferous species like pine, spruce, and fir, with some broadleaf species such as poplar and birch.
- The circumboreal forest belt accounts for about 30% of the global forest area and holds more surface freshwater than any other biome.
- Named after Boreas, the Greek god of the north wind, it covers 10% of the Earth’s land surface, playing a crucial role in the northern oceans and global climate.
- The boreal forest is second only to the Amazon in its importance for the planet’s future, storing twice as much carbon as all tropical forests combined, and also purifying a large amount of freshwater.
- While deforestation is a concern in boreal forests, the rate of deforestation in tropical rainforests is currently much higher, driven by factors like agricultural expansion and logging.
4. Consider the following statements:
- The Amazon Rainforest is known as the “lungs of the Earth” due to its role in absorbing carbon dioxide.
- The Great Barrier Reef is the largest living structure on Earth and is visible from space.
- The Mojave Desert is the largest hot desert in the world, covering over 9 million square kilometers.
- The Himalayan mountain range is home to the world’s highest peak, Mount Everest, which stands at 8,848 meters above sea level.
How many of the above statements are correct?
[A] Only one
[B] Only two
[C] Only Three
[D] All Four
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only Three]
Notes:- The Amazon Rainforest is known as the “lungs of the Earth”: It produces approximately 20% of the world’s oxygen and is critical for global climate regulation.
- The Great Barrier Reef is the largest living structure on Earth: It spans over 2,300 kilometers and is home to thousands of marine species, making it a UNESCO World Heritage site.
- The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world: It is known for its extreme temperatures and diverse ecosystems, including dunes, mountains, and oases.
- The Himalayan mountain range is home to Mount Everest: It is not only the highest peak but also an area for biodiversity, housing unique flora and fauna.
5. Consider the following:
- Amazon River
- Nile River
- Yangtze River
Which of the following is the correct order of the above rivers from longest to shortest?
[A] 1 2 3
[B] 2 1 3
[C] 3 2 1
[D] 2 3 1
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [2 1 3]
Notes:
The Nile River is traditionally considered the longest river in the world, measuring about 6,650 kilometers. The Amazon River follows closely, with a length of approximately 6,400 kilometers, though some studies suggest it could be longer than the Nile depending on measurement methods. The Yangtze River, the longest river in Asia, is about 6,300 kilometers long. Thus, the correct order from longest to shortest is: Nile, Amazon, Yangtze. Thus, the correct order is 2 1 3.
6. Which organization has recently launched the Amazon Future Engineer Program in 50 Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS)?
[A] National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS)
[B] Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
[C] Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
[D] Ministry of Science and Technology
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS)]
Notes:
The National Education Society for Tribal Students (NESTS) and Amazon launched the third phase of the Amazon Future Engineer Program in 50 Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS). The program was implemented in schools across Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Telangana, and Tripura. It focused on training in emerging technologies like blockchain, artificial intelligence, block programming, and coding. Students in classes 6-9 learned computer science fundamentals, while Class 10 students engaged in project-based virtual sessions. The objective was to prepare tribal students for STEM careers through modern technological literacy.
7. Recently, which organization issued world’s first carbon removal bond to fund Amazon reforestation?
[A] World Bank
[B] UNDP
[C] UNEP
[D] UNESCO
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [World Bank]
Notes:
The World Bank has issued the world’s first carbon removal bond to support Amazon reforestation. The bond is worth $225 million and has a nine-year term. Investors’ returns are tied to the amount of carbon removed by new trees, not just emission reductions from preventing deforestation. This bond aims to protect the Amazon by financially incentivizing reforestation efforts.
8. Which technology company partnered with Amazon Web Services (AWS) to launch GenAI-focussed innovation lab in India?
[A] Google
[B] Nokia
[C] Samsung
[D] IBM
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [IBM]
Notes:
IBM has expanded its partnership with Amazon Web Services (AWS) to launch an innovation lab in Bengaluru to help mutual clients derive value from the latest technologies such as generative artificial intelligence (GenAI).
The first of its kind innovation lab, is open to clients from around the world to explore joint IBM-AWS solutions and test prototypes and proof-of-concepts relevant across industries such as banking and financial services, automotive, manufacturing and healthcare, among others.
9. Which Union Ministry announced the launch of ‘Amazon Future Engineer Programme’?
[A] Ministry of Tribal Affairs
[B] Ministry of Science and Technology
[C] Ministry of Electronics and IT
[D] Ministry of Education
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Ministry of Tribal Affairs]
Notes:
NESTS (Ministry of Tribal Affairs), in partnership with Amazon India and Learning Links Foundation, introduces the second phase of the ‘Amazon Future Engineer Programme’ for EMRSs (Eklavya Model Residential Schools).
This endeavor holds the promise of narrowing the educational disparity within tribal communities and paving the way for their prosperous careers in emerging technologies.
10. Where was the Amazon Summit 2023 held?
[A] Brazil
[B] Chile
[C] Argentina
[D] Mexico
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Brazil]
Notes:
This year’s Amazon Summit was held in the Brazilian city of Belém, in which the Amazon nations discussed how the rainforest is managed.
On the final day of the summit, 12 countries have called on wealthy nations to meet their climate funding obligations. A joint statement issued during the summit, called for the development of a financing mechanism which the international community could pay for the critical services provided by forests.