1. AIDS के कारण बनने वाले वायरस को किस वर्ष अलग किया गया था?
[A] 1980
[B] 1981
[C] 1983
[D] 1986
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [1983]
Notes:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) पहली बार 1981 में सैन फ्रांसिस्को और न्यूयॉर्क में सामने आया था। 1983-84 में इसके कारण बनने वाले वायरस को AIDS मरीजों से अलग किया गया और 1986 में इसे HIV नाम दिया गया।
2. AIDS, पोलियो, खसरा और इन्फ्लूएंजा जैसी बीमारियाँ निम्नलिखित में से किसके कारण होती हैं?
[A] वायरस
[B] बैक्टीरिया
[C] प्रोटोजोआ
[D] फंगस
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [वायरस]
Notes:
AIDS, पोलियो, खसरा और इन्फ्लूएंजा जैसी बीमारियाँ वायरस के कारण होती हैं।
3. AIDS वायरस ____ की वृद्धि को प्रभावित करता है।
[A] रक्त में RBC
[B] रक्त में T कोशिकाएँ
[C] मस्तिष्क में ग्रे कोशिकाएँ
[D] हीमोग्लोबिन
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [रक्त में T कोशिकाएँ]
Notes:
ह्यूमन इम्यूनोडेफिशिएंसी वायरस (HIV) प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली की आवश्यक T-हेल्पर कोशिकाओं पर हमला करता है और उन्हें नष्ट कर देता है। T कोशिका या T लिम्फोसाइट एक प्रकार की लिम्फोसाइट है, जो श्वेत रक्त कोशिकाओं का उपप्रकार है और कोशिका-जनित प्रतिरक्षा में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती है। इन्हें T कोशिकाएँ कहा जाता है क्योंकि ये थाइमस में थाइमोसाइट्स से विकसित होती हैं।
4. AIDS वायरस _____ को नष्ट करता है।
[A] मोनोसाइट्स
[B] बेसोफिल्स
[C] लिम्फोसाइट्स
[D] न्यूट्रोफिल्स
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [लिम्फोसाइट्स]
Notes:
AIDS वायरस प्रतिरक्षा तंत्र में मौजूद टी-कोशिकाओं को नष्ट करता है। टी-कोशिकाएं या टी-लिम्फोसाइट्स श्वेत रक्त कोशिकाओं के लिम्फोसाइट समूह का हिस्सा होती हैं और कोशिका-जनित प्रतिरक्षा में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाती हैं।
5. Consider the following statements regarding the One-Time Settlement (OTS) Policy:
- It aids debt recovery by allowing borrowers with significant dues to settle for a reduced amount.
- The borrowers with large NPAs may qualify for an OTS scheme, subject to lender-specific criteria.
Which of the Statements given above is/are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Both 1 and 2]
Notes:- It aids debt recovery by allowing borrowers with significant dues to settle for a reduced amount. Correct: It facilitates debt recovery by offering a way for borrowers with significant outstanding dues to settle their debt with a reduced amount, potentially benefiting both the borrower and the lender by avoiding lengthy legal proceedings.
- The borrowers with large NPAs may qualify for an OTS scheme, subject to lender-specific criteria. Correct: Typically, borrowers with large outstanding debts classified as non-performing assets (NPAs) may be eligible for an OTS scheme, though specific criteria will vary depending on the lender’s policy.
6. In the context of the Peace Forest Initiative (PFI), which of the following statements is/are correct?
- The PFI was launched by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
- The initiative aids land and forest recovery in post-conflict areas to ease security challenges from resource degradation.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 2]
Notes:- The PFI was launched by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Incorrect: The UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and the Government of the Republic of Korea Forest Service (KFS) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish the Peace Forest Initiative (PFI).
- The initiative aids land and forest recovery in post-conflict areas to ease security challenges from resource degradation. Correct: The Initiative will support land and forest rehabilitation in post conflict areas to reduce peace and security challenges stemming from natural resource degradation.
7. With respect to the International Organization of Aids to Marine Navigation (IALA), which of the following statements is/are correct?
- IALA, founded in 1957 as an NGO, transitioned to an Intergovernmental Organization to strengthen global navigation standards and best practices.
- India is recently elected to the Presidency of the International Organization of Aids to Marine Navigation (IALA) in Singapore.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [Only 1]
Notes:- IALA, founded in 1957 as an NGO, transitioned to an Intergovernmental Organization to strengthen global navigation standards and best practices. Correct: IALA, founded in 1957 as an NGO, became an IGO to strengthen global navigation standards. Its new status enhances its mandate to harmonize maritime systems, promote safety, and collaborate with stakeholders to address emerging challenges.
- India is recently elected to the Presidency of the International Organization of Aids to Marine Navigation (IALA) in Singapore. Incorrect: India is elected to the Vice Presidency of the International Organization of Aids to Marine Navigation (IALA) in Singapore.
8. Which country has been elected as Vice President of the International Organization of Aids to Marine Navigation (IALA) in Singapore?
[A] India
[B] China
[C] Russia
[D] France
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [India]
Notes:
India has been elected Vice President of the International Organization of Aids to Marine Navigation (IALA) in Singapore. T.K. Ramachandran, Secretary, Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways, led the Indian delegation. The 1st General Assembly of IALA marks its transition from an NGO to an inter-governmental organization (IGO). IALA, founded in 1957, sets global maritime navigation standards. India will host the IALA Council meeting in December 2025 and the IALA Conference & General Assembly in September 2027 in Mumbai. This highlights India’s leadership in maritime safety and international cooperation.
9. Consider the following statements about the environmental significance of bacterial plasticizer degradation:
- It reduces carcinogenic plasticizer contamination in water bodies.
- It prevents the release of microplastics into the environment.
- It aids in developing biotechnological solutions for waste management.
- It eliminates all harmful by-products of plastic degradation.
How many of the above statements are correct?
[A] Only one
[B] Only two
[C] Only three
[D] All four
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only three]
Notes:- Bacterial plasticizer degradation is a process that uses bacterial enzymes to break down high molecular weight plasticizers, such as DEHP, commonly found in plastics and personal care products.
- The significance of bacterial plasticizer degradation lies in its environmental and practical benefits. It offers a sustainable method for breaking down carcinogenic plasticizers, helping to reduce plasticizer contamination in water sources.
- The scalability of the process is enhanced by producing enzymes on a large scale using E. coli bacteria, making the method feasible for widespread application.
- Additionally, it represents a significant advancement in biotechnology, particularly in enzyme engineering, to address pressing environmental challenges.
10. Consider the following:
- Tuberculosis
- HIV/AIDS
- Malaria
- Measles
Which of the above diseases is primarily transmitted through airborne particles?
[A] Only one
[B] Only two
[C] Only three
[D] All four
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only two]
Notes:- Measles and TB are airborne diseases. There are several other diseases that spread through respiratory droplets, which can exist either in the air or on surfaces.
- Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, primarily affecting the lungs and spread through airborne particles when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
- HIV/AIDS is transmitted through blood, sexual contact, and from mother to child, while malaria is transmitted through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.
- TB’s airborne transmission makes it particularly concerning in crowded or closed environments, such as prisons, where the risk of spreading the disease is higher.
