Q. Who of the Delhi sultans pursued the policy of ‘blood and iron’? Answer:
Balban
Notes: Balban, the ninth sultan of the Mamluk dynasty, used Blood and Iron to combat lawlessness in Delhi and the Ganga-Yamuna doab. He established a spy network for loyalty monitoring, restructured the military, and branded horses to prevent corruption. He aggressively dealt with Mewatis and fortified frontiers against Mongol invasions, emphasizing centralized rule.