Q. What is the chronological order of the following revenue system in British India?
- Ryotwari System
- Permanent Settlement
- Mahalwari System
- Auctioning System
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Answer:
4, 2, 1, and 3
Notes: Before the introduction of Permanent system, Auctioning system was carried on by Warren Hastings from 1772 onward. Company finally introduced the Permanent Settlement in 1793. According to the terms of the settlement, the rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars. They were asked to collect rent from the peasants and pay revenue to the Company. The amount to be paid was fixed permanently, that is, it was not to be increased ever in future. It was felt that this would ensure a regular flow of revenue into the Company's coffers and at the same time encourage the zamindars to invest in improving the land. Since the revenue demand of the state would not be increased, the zamindar would benefit from increased production from the land. Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820. Major areas of introduction include Madras, Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorg provinces of British India. In Ryotwari System the ownership rights were handed over to the peasants. British Government collected taxes directly from the peasants. In the North Western Provinces of the Bengal Presidency (most of this area is now in Uttar Pradesh), an Englishman called Holt Mackenzie devised the new system, Mahalwari System, which came into effect in 1822. He felt that the village was an important social institution in North Indian society and needed to be preserved.