Q. Which principle, established by the Rio Declaration in 1992, mandates that those responsible for pollution should bear the costs associated with environmental damage?
Answer: Polluter Pays Principle
Notes: The Polluter Pays Principle, established in the 1992 Rio Declaration, emphasizes that the costs of environmental harm should be borne by the polluter. This principle is crucial for promoting accountability and sustainable practices. It encourages industries to adopt cleaner technologies and practices, thereby fostering a balance between economic growth and environmental protection. The principle is also a key element in international environmental law, influencing policies worldwide.

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