The Monroe Doctrine is the best known U.S. policy towards the Latin America. Buried in a routine annual message delivered to Congress by President James Monroe in December 1823, the doctrine warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs. But, up to the end of 19th century, Latin America had begun to be seen as USA's special sphere of interest, which was open to intervention only by the USA. In 1904, Roosevelt declared that the USA had the right not only to oppose European intervention in the American continent but to intervene itself in the internal affairs of her neighbours to maintain order. This is known as a new ‘corollary’ to the 'Monroe Doctrine'. So, statement 1 is correct. For centuries, military generals, called Shoguns, exercised real power in Japan while the emperor was a mere figurehead. In 1853, Commodore Perry’s arrival was a bitter lesson for the Japanese that if they failed to modernize, they shall also be colonised. As a part of the modernisation process, the rule of Shoguns was an end and a new set of advisors and rulers came to the fore. They ruled in the name of the emperor, whose authority was restored in theory. This event is known as the Meiji restoration, after the title ‘Meiji' which the new emperor took. So, statement 2 is also correct.
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