PM2.5 Pollution Sources in Northern India

Recent studies highlight the severe air quality issues in Northern India, particularly in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Research published in *Nature Communications* delves into the sources and health impacts of PM2.5, a harmful particulate matter. It puts stress on the importance of understanding local emission sources and their effects on public health.

PM2.5 Composition Analysis

The study assessed PM2.5 samples from five locations, including urban and rural areas. It identified key components such as ammonium chloride and organic aerosols. In Delhi, vehicular emissions and residential heating are contributors. In contrast, areas outside Delhi show higher levels of ammonium sulfate and biomass-burning aerosols.

Health Risks of PM2.5

PM2.5 poses serious health risks. The oxidative potential of PM2.5, a measure of its ability to cause harm, is largely influenced by organic aerosols. These aerosols mainly arise from incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels. Traffic and residential sources are critical contributors to these health risks.

Seasonal Variations in Aerosol Concentration

The study found that hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols remain consistently high throughout the year. However, cold-season primary organic aerosols spike during winter months. This increase is due to the use of cow dung for heating and cooking. Concentrations can be ten times higher in cold weather compared to warmer months.

Impact of Traffic Emissions

Traffic emissions play a very important role in PM2.5 pollution. Hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols from vehicles contribute to the overall aerosol mass. In urban areas, this contribution can reach up to 40%. The study marks that these emissions are especially prominent during the warmer season.

Comparative Global Analysis

The oxidative potential of PM2.5 in Indian cities is alarmingly high. It exceeds levels recorded in cities in China and Europe by up to five times. This comparison puts stress on the need for urgent action to address air quality issues in India.

Month: Current Affairs - March, 2025

Category: Environment Current Affairs