Parliamentary Committees in India – UGC-NTA NET Political Science
Parliamentary Committees are vital components of India’s legislative framework. They enhance the efficiency of Parliament by allowing for detailed examination of bills, budgets, and various issues. These committees play role in scrutinizing government actions and ensuring accountability.
Definition
Parliamentary Committees are sub-groups formed by either House of Parliament. Their primary purpose is to perform specific functions that facilitate legislative processes. These committees can be either standing or ad-hoc, depending on their permanence and purpose.
Types of Parliamentary Committees
Parliamentary Committees are classified into two main types – Standing Committees and Ad-hoc Committees.
Standing Committees
Standing Committees are permanent bodies that meet regularly. They are crucial for ongoing legislative functions.
- Select Committees – These committees examine specific bills in detail. They provide recommendations for amendments before the bills are presented to the full House.
- Joint Committees – These comprise members from both Houses of Parliament. They work on issues requiring cooperative scrutiny.
- Public Accounts Committee (PAC) – Established in 1921, the PAC examines government expenditure and ensures accountability in financial matters.
- Estimates Committee – Formed in 1950, it reviews budget estimates and recommends expenditure priorities.
- Committee on Public Undertakings – Established in 1964, this committee focuses on the performance of public sector enterprises.
Ad-hoc Committees
Ad-hoc Committees are temporary bodies formed for specific purposes or to address particular issues.
- Joint Select Committees – These are formed to examine specific legislation and provide recommendations.
- Investigative Committees – They investigate specific issues or events, gathering relevant information and making findings.
Composition
Members of Parliamentary Committees are drawn from both Houses of Parliament. The strength of each committee varies. For instance, the PAC consists of 22 members, while the Estimates Committee has 30 members.
Membership Structure
– Members are nominated from the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and elected from the Lok Sabha (House of the People). – This diverse membership ensures representation from various political parties and regions.
Functions of Parliamentary Committees
Parliamentary Committees perform several important functions that enhance legislative effectiveness.
Legislative Functions
Committees scrutinise bills and suggest amendments. This process allows for thorough examination before laws are enacted.
Financial Functions
They examine government expenditure and budget proposals. This oversight is crucial for fiscal accountability.
Oversight Functions
Committees monitor the functioning of the executive and public sector undertakings. They ensure that government actions align with legislative intent.
Investigative Functions
Committees conduct inquiries into specific issues of public interest. This function helps uncover facts and inform policy decisions.
Importance of Parliamentary Committees
Parliamentary Committees are essential for several reasons.
Enhancing Legislative Efficiency
They streamline the legislative process by allowing detailed scrutiny of complex issues. This focus improves the quality of legislation.
Facilitating Expert Opinions
Committees provide a platform for expert opinions and public feedback. This input enriches the legislative process.
Accountability Mechanism
They serve as a check on government power. By examining government actions, they promote transparency and accountability.
Procedure for Committee Operations
The procedure for the functioning of Parliamentary Committees is systematic.
Constitution of Committees
Committees are constituted by a resolution of the House. This formal process ensures legitimacy.
Meetings and Reporting
Meetings are held regularly to discuss issues and gather evidence. Reports are submitted to the House, summarising findings and recommendations.
Recommendations Consideration
Recommendations made by committees are often considered by the House. This process allows for informed legislative action.
Leadership in Committees
Each committee has a Chairperson, typically a member of the ruling party.
Role of the Chairperson
The Chairperson is responsible for convening meetings and guiding discussions. This leadership is crucial for effective committee functioning.
Reporting Mechanism
Committees submit reports to Parliament. These reports may include recommendations for legislative action.
Discussion of Reports
Reports are discussed in the House, allowing members to debate the findings. This discussion enhances democratic accountability.
Challenges Faced by Parliamentary Committees
Despite their importance, Parliamentary Committees face several challenges.
Limited Time for Scrutiny
Committees often have limited time to conduct detailed examinations. This constraint can affect the depth of analysis.
Political Influence
Political dynamics may influence the impartiality of committees. This influence can undermine the objectivity of their findings.
Resource Limitations
Many committees lack adequate resources and support staff. This limitation can hinder their effectiveness.
Notable Parliamentary Committees
Several committees have played roles in shaping Indian governance.
Public Accounts Committee (PAC)
Established in 1921, the PAC is one of the oldest committees. It has a long history of scrutinising government expenditure.
Estimates Committee
Formed in 1950, the Estimates Committee plays important role in budgetary oversight. It ensures that public funds are allocated efficiently.
Committee on Public Undertakings
Established in 1964, this committee focuses on the performance of public sector enterprises. It evaluates their efficiency and effectiveness.
Recent Developments in Committee Functioning
The role of technology in committee functioning has increased. Virtual meetings have become more common, enhancing accessibility.
Focus on Accountability and Transparency
There is an enhanced focus on accountability and transparency in governance. Committees are increasingly expected to uphold these principles.
