November 2024 – Record Warmth in India

January 1, 2025

November 2024 marked climatic event for India, as it became the second warmest November in 123 years. The average maximum temperature reached 29.37ºC, exceeding the normal by 0.62ºC. This unusual warmth has raised concerns about food security and ecological stability.

Causes of Elevated Temperatures

The primary reason for the high temperatures in November 2024 was the absence of strong western disturbances. These disturbances typically bring cooler air and precipitation during this season.
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) reported a 55% reduction in rainfall, with only 13.5 mm recorded against the long-term average of 29.7 mm.

Role of Western Disturbances

Western disturbances are low-pressure systems originating from the Mediterranean region. They travel eastward and deliver moisture to northwestern India. These disturbances are crucial for winter precipitation, particularly for Rabi crops like wheat and mustard. They are most active between November and March, providing essential moisture for agricultural productivity.

Impact on Agriculture and Ecosystems

The lack of sufficient rainfall due to diminished western disturbances poses a threat to Rabi crops. The absence of moisture can lead to reduced yields and food insecurity. Additionally, prolonged dry spells can disrupt local ecosystems, affecting biodiversity and water resources.

Global Context of Warming Trends

November 2024 also saw global temperature anomalies, with the month being the second warmest worldwide. The Copernicus Climate Change Service reported an average global temperature of 14.10ºC, indicating a broader trend of climate change. The Antarctic and Arctic regions experienced reductions in sea ice, further illustrating the impacts of warming.

Urgency of Climate Action

The warmer November serves as a reminder of the pressing need to address climate change. Its effects extend beyond agriculture, influencing ecosystems and biodiversity. Immediate action is crucial to mitigate these changes and protect vulnerable regions from further climatic disruptions.

GKToday Notes:
Western Disturbances: These are low-pressure systems from the Mediterranean, crucial for winter precipitation in India. They enhance Rabi crops by delivering essential moisture during November to March.
Rabi Crops: Rabi crops are winter-sown crops in India, including wheat and mustard. They rely heavily on winter precipitation, primarily from western disturbances, for optimal growth and yield.
Copernicus Climate Change Service: This European Union programme monitors climate change. It provides vital data on global temperature anomalies, helping to understand and address the impacts of climate change.
Albedo Effect: The albedo effect refers to the reflectivity of Earth’s surface. Changes in snow cover and ice levels can alter this effect, influencing climate patterns and the onset of monsoons.

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