New Species Discoveries in India and Sri Lanka

March 3, 2025

Researchers recently discovering two new species of jumping spiders in India and a unique leaf-nosed bat in Sri Lanka. These findings highlight the ecological richness of the region and the need for further exploration and conservation efforts.

New Spider Species Discovery

The University of Kerala has reported the discovery of two new species of jumping spiders, Epidelaxia falciformis and Epidelaxia palustris.
This marks the first record of the genus Epidelaxia in India.
The spiders were found in the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary during expeditions in late 2022 and early 2023.
The females are notably characterised by a yellow triangular mark on their prosoma.
Males exhibit distinct colour patterns.
E. falciformis measures 4.39 mm, while E. palustris ranges from 3.69 mm to 4.57 mm in size.
These spiders thrive in the dense foliage of the Western Ghats.

Significance of the Discovery

The discovery of these spiders enriches the biodiversity checklist of the Western Ghats. It puts stress on the ecological importance of this area, which is recognised for its unique flora and fauna. The research contributes to the understanding of arachnid diversity in India and marks the need for ongoing exploration and conservation efforts.

New Bat Species Identification

A separate team led by Bhargavi Srinivasulu from Osmania University has identified a new species of leaf-nosed bat named Hipposideros srilankaensis. This species is endemic to Sri Lanka and adds to the region’s biodiversity. Hipposideros srilankaensis features a broad noseleaf and unique cranial characteristics. The research included collaboration with bat biologists from India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. The team conducted extensive surveys and genetic analyses to confirm the bat’s distinctiveness.

Divergence of Hipposideros genus

Genetic studies revealed divergence from other species in the Hipposideros genus.
The study reclassified Hipposideros brachyotus as a distinct species endemic to India, separating it from Hipposideros galeritus.
Research found genetic differences in Hipposideros galeritus populations across Southeast Asia, hinting at the presence of undiscovered species.

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