IIT Guwahati Innovates Biofuel Production from Methane and CO2

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati have made advancements in biofuel production. They developed a biological method to convert methane and carbon dioxide into cleaner biofuels and this innovative approach addresses pressing environmental concerns.

Overview of the Research

The study was led by Prof Debasish Das and Dr Krishna Kalyani Sahoo, and published in the journal Fuel. The research focuses on utilizing a bacterium, Methylosinus trichosporium. This bacterium converts harmful greenhouse gases into bio-methanol.

Environmental Impact

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, more harmful than carbon dioxide. The conversion of these gases into liquid fuels can reduce emissions. Traditional methods are costly and produce toxic by-products. The new method offers a cleaner alternative.

The process captures methane to create biomass and is used to convert carbon dioxide into methanol. It does not require expensive catalysts. The method is energy-efficient and avoids harmful by-products.

Enhanced Yield Techniques

Researchers improved gas dissolution techniques, increased methanol yield. The bio-methanol was blended with diesel in ratios of 5-20%. The blends were tested in a four-stroke diesel engine.

Emission Reduction Results

Testing showed a reduction of up to 87% in harmful emissions. Key pollutants such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were reduced. The diesel-methanol blends outperformed pure diesel in efficiency and performance.

This method is economically viable. It uses inexpensive resources and mitigates competition with food production. Unlike traditional biofuels, it leverages greenhouse gases.

Industrial Applications

The biological process has broader industrial implications, can produce chemicals like formaldehyde and acetic acid. Industries such as oil and gas can benefit from reduced carbon footprints. This innovation promotes a more sustainable future.

GKToday Facts for Exams:

1. Methylosinus trichosporium: This bacterium converts methane and carbon dioxide into bio-methanol. It is vital for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Its use avoids toxic by-products common in traditional methods.
2. Bio-methanol: This cleaner fuel is produced from greenhouse gases. It serves as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. Its production process is energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
3. IIT Guwahati: This institution is renowned for its research in technology and engineering. It plays important role in addressing global environmental issues. Its innovations contribute to sustainable development.

Month: Current Affairs - December, 2024

Category: Environment Current Affairs