New Leafless Orchid Discovered in Arunachal Pradesh

November 4, 2024

Botanists announced the discovery of a new orchid species, Gastrodia lohitensis. This find occurred in Arunachal Pradesh’s Lohit district. It adds to India’s list of unique, endemic plants.

Gastrodia lohitensis was discovered in bamboo thickets near Tezu. It thrives in dense, shaded environments. The orchid relies on specific conditions found in its habitat. It grows in areas with limited sunlight, making it a rare species.

Unique Adaptations

This orchid is leafless, which is unusual for plants. Instead of photosynthesis, it extracts nutrients from fungi in decomposing leaf litter. This adaptation allows it to survive in low-light conditions. It showcases the plant’s unique evolutionary traits.

Physical Characteristics

Gastrodia lohitensis typically stands between 50 to 110 cm tall. Its flowers have distinctive features. They include a pair of linear calli and ridges on the lip. These characteristics help distinguish it from similar species found in Southeast Asia.

Research Expedition

The discovery was made during an expedition in May 2024. The team was led by Krishna Chowlu from the Botanical Survey of India. Their work marks the ongoing exploration of India’s rich biodiversity.

Conservation Status

Gastrodia lohitensis has a limited range in Lohit district. Due to local land use pressures, it is classified as “Endangered” under preliminary IUCN criteria. Activities such as bamboo harvesting and agriculture threaten its habitat.

Importance of Habitat Protection

Conservationists emphasise the need to protect the orchid’s fragile habitat. Preserving the biodiversity of Arunachal Pradesh is crucial. This region is home to many unique species, making it vital for conservation efforts.

Global Botanical Significance

The discovery of Gastrodia lohitensis contributes to global botanical knowledge. It marks the importance of studying and conserving endemic flora. Each new find adds to our understanding of plant diversity and ecology.

The identification of this orchid raises awareness about the need for conservation. Protecting endangered species like Gastrodia lohitensis can have broader ecological benefits. It serves as a reminder of the delicate balance within ecosystems.

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