National Quantum Mission

April 20, 2023

The Union Cabinet of India recently cleared the National Quantum Mission, a groundbreaking initiative aimed at harnessing the power of quantum technologies. With a budget of Rs 6,003 crore and an expected duration of eight years, the mission seeks to unlock the potential of quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum sensing.

Objective of the National Quantum Mission

The National Quantum Mission is a multidimensional effort that encompasses four verticals. The first three verticals focus on quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum sensing, respectively. These areas have immense potential in various applications, from ultra-secure military communication to highly accurate MRI machines. The mission aims to develop novel materials and devices that would support these core programs. This holistic approach will facilitate advancements in quantum technologies and position India as a global leader in the field.

Significance of the National Quantum Mission

The National Quantum Mission is a significant milestone for India, as it places the country among the few nations that possess frontier technologies related to quantum computing, communication, and sensing. Currently, the US, Austria, Finland, France, Canada, and China are the only countries with dedicated quantum missions. However, unlike these countries, which are primarily in the research and development stage, India aims to be at par with them by combining expertise from research institutions and the industry through sustained funding. This collaborative approach is essential, considering the complexity of quantum technologies and the need for a mission mode program to achieve breakthroughs.

Key Objectives of the National Quantum Mission

The National Quantum Mission has set several key objectives to drive advancements in quantum technologies. One of the main goals of this mission is to achieve long-distance quantum communication across a 2000 km gap, either using satellites or fibers. This ambitious goal requires the development of multiple ground stations within India and abroad. Additionally, the mission aims to make significant progress in quantum computing by developing 50 physical qubits initially and eventually scaling up to 1,000 qubits. These qubits are developed using various platforms such as superconducting, ionic, or photonic technologies. Currently, India has only developed 2-3 qubits in a superconducting platform, while IBM has already developed 430 qubits and aims to reach 1,000 qubits by 2023.

Challenges Ahead

Despite the ambitious goals of the National Quantum Mission, there are several challenges that India may face on this quantum leap. Quantum technologies are highly complex and require interdisciplinary expertise in areas such as physics, computer science, materials science, and more. The lack of skilled researchers and infrastructure could pose challenges in achieving the mission’s objectives. Additionally, quantum technologies are still in their nascent stage, and there are uncertainties around their commercial viability, safety, and ethical implications. Managing these challenges effectively would be crucial for the success of the National Quantum Mission.

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