Nanoplastics Causing Antibiotic Resistance: Study Reveals

Researchers from the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) discovered that tiny plastic particles from single-use plastic bottles can facilitate the transfer of AR genes among bacteria, which poses a hidden risk to public health and gut microbiome balance.

About Nanoplastics

Nanoplastics are microscopic plastic particles resulting from the degradation of larger plastic items. They are prevalent in various environments, including water systems and the human gut. Their small size allows them to interact with microorganisms, raising concerns about their impact on health.

The Role of Lactobacillus Acidophilus

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a beneficial gut bacterium crucial for digestion and immunity. The study focused on whether nanoplastics could convert this helpful bacterium into a carrier of AR genes, potentially harming gut health.

Mechanisms of Gene Transfer

The research identified two primary methods by which plastic-derived nanoplastics (PBNPs) promote AR gene transfer. Firstly, PBNPs can physically carry AR genes into bacteria. Secondly, they induce stress in bacteria, leading to increased production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). These OMVs can transfer AR genes to other bacteria, including harmful strains.

The introduction of AR genes to beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus acidophilus could have dire consequences. During infections, these bacteria may pass on resistance genes to pathogenic bacteria, complicating treatment options and threatening public health.

Need for Action

The findings tell the urgent need for improved plastic waste management and stricter regulations on plastic use. Public awareness initiatives are essential to educate communities about the risks associated with plastic pollution and antibiotic resistance. Protecting the gut microbiome is vital for maintaining overall health and preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance.

GKToday Notes:

1. Nanoplastics: Microscopic plastic particles from larger plastic degradation. They are prevalent in water and the human gut. Their size allows interaction with microorganisms, raising health concerns.
2. Lactobacillus acidophilus: A beneficial gut bacterium essential for digestion and immunity. It helps maintain gut health. The study examined its potential to carry antibiotic resistance genes.
3. Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs): Tiny bubbles produced by bacteria. They facilitate gene transfer between bacteria. OMVs can carry antibiotic resistance genes to unrelated bacterial species.
4. Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT): A process where genes move between bacteria. It can occur through various mechanisms. HGT plays important role in spreading antibiotic resistance among bacterial populations.

Month: Current Affairs - December, 2024

Category: Science & Technology Current Affairs