Mugger Crocodile Conservation Efforts in Tamil Nadu

April 14, 2025

Recent studies by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department are focusing on mapping the population of mugger crocodiles. These efforts aim to reduce human-crocodile conflicts in the Cauvery delta. The mugger crocodile, or marsh crocodile (Crocodylus palustris), is the most widespread crocodilian species in India. A preliminary study has revealed population along the Kollidam River, with over 50 individuals recorded in Anaikarai alone.

Population Assessment

The Wildlife Portal of India initiated the first phase of the study to assess mugger crocodile populations. Prior to this, there was no baseline data to evaluate population trends. Regular surveys are critical to understand population dynamics. The study identified critical habitats and conflict zones, laying the groundwork for long-term conservation strategies.

Critical Habitats and Human Activity

The study brought into light that many critical habitats fall outside Reserve Forest areas. These regions are under the Public Works Department’s control, making them accessible to the public. Areas with frequent human activity, particularly fishing and open defecation, coincide with crocodile basking times. This overlap increases the risk of human-crocodile encounters.

Current Survey and Findings

The ongoing survey covers approximately 1,000 km, including water bodies like Thenpannaiyar and Veeranam. As of now, 85 live crocodile sightings have been recorded, suggesting that the actual population may be higher. Notably, Tamil Nadu’s breeding centres host populations – Sathanur has 299 crocodiles, Hogenakkal has 93, and Amaravathi has 82.

Conflict Mitigation Strategies

The study recommends establishing an Emergency Response Team in conflict-prone districts like Cuddalore. This team would handle crocodile-related emergencies effectively. It is crucial to restrict access to known basking and nesting sites to prevent dangerous encounters. Infrastructure improvements and behavioural change campaigns are also necessary to reduce conflicts.

Government Initiatives

The Tamil Nadu government has allocated ₹2.5 crore for a Crocodile Conservation Centre at Anaikarai. So far, ₹1 lakh has been spent on awareness initiatives, ₹5 lakh on equipment, and ₹6.5 lakh on research activities. These activities include population studies, identification of breeding sites, and planning for conflict mitigation. An alternative site for the conservation centre has been selected after initial setbacks due to land issues.

« Previous Post Next Post »