UPSC Mains Model Questions – December, 2023

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In December 2023, we had published 100 posts.

GS-II: Constitution of India & Polity

1. Though Inter-state Council was established as a constitutional body, many of its functions remained eclipsed by the extra-constitutional bodies. Discuss while analyzing the relevance of Inter-state Council suggesting way forward.

2. The implicit fundamental rights in the constitution have been subject to judicial scrutiny time and again. Discuss the issues surrounding the "Right to Privacy" while giving reference to relevant constitutional articles and other such legal instruments.

3. The parliamentary privileges in India are uncodified and this has led to their use for purposes other than they were intended for. In the light of this, examine the need for their codification.

4. Give arguments regarding the issue of bringing judiciary under the ambit of RTI.

5. Highlight the indispensability of the doctrine of separation of powers for a democracy. Elucidate the principle of ‘checks and balances’ and discuss it in context of India.

6. Throw some light on the importance of alternate dispute resolution (ADR) mechanisms and its types available in India. Suggest measures to further improve it.

7. Enumerate the provisions within the institutional architecture of India to resolve inter-state disputes. Assess their effectiveness.

8. The lower judiciary in India is plagued by various challenges which directly impacts its productivity. Discuss and suggest some remedial measures.

9. The Anti-Defection Law (ADL) has been violated and misinterpreted time and again. Suggest measures to strengthen the Anti-Defection Law.

10. While the political decentralization in India has been fairly successful, it faces several hurdles at fiscal and administrative fronts. Comment.

11. What are the major challenges towards reaching to a permanent and efficient dispute resolution mechanism for water allocation in interstate rivers? Critically discuss while keeping in focus recent proposal of a single, permanent Tribunal to adjudicate all inter-state river water disputes.

12. While throwing light upon the controversy regarding appointment of higher judiciary, critically examine the recent suggestion made by the government to appoint Search-Cum-Evaluation committee.

13. Critically analyze the practice of setting up fast-track courts to reduce pendency of cases in the judiciary.

14. Comment in comparative perspective on the amendability of the Indian constitution as a mix of rigidity and flexibility.

15. To what extent, the doctrine of basic structure has established the Judicial Supremacy in the area of "amendment of the Constitution"? Explain.

16. Despite of so many years passed of establishment of Inter-state Council, it remains an underutilized and ignored constitutional body. Discuss critically.

17. It is argued by some that the office of Governor needs to be abolished as it has outlived its relevance. Critically examine in the context of India.

18. Highlighting the grievances of states towards centrally sponsored scheme, enumerate the steps taken by government to redress them.

19. The problems from which the judiciary is suffering, are being replicated with tribunals too, along with few other added problems. Analyze.

20. To what extent do you agree with the use of term "proportional representation" in presidential election? Critically discuss giving reference to Constituent Assembly debates.

GS-II: International Relations

1. Despite its geographical setting in the Middle East, Israel is economically tied to western world. With this reference, examine the impacts of so called Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement on Israel. How it has affected the international relations of that country?

2. Explain how India’s engagement with its Diaspora has evolved and undergone a change through various policies in recent past.

3. Throw some light on the significance and challenges of membership in Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for India.

4. The Shimla agreement 1972 and Lahore declaration 1999 are two important events in the history of Indian subcontinent that have far reaching impacts. Analyse

5. Energy cooperation among the South Asian countries has several gaps. In this context, discuss the steps taken by India to promote regional energy cooperation.

6. Highlight the factors that have led to formation of a dedicated Indo Pacific division in the MEA. What are the challenges for India in the Indo Pacific region?

7. India-Nepal bilateral relations have not normalized even after several attempts of resetting ties. Discuss.

8. What do you understand by blue economy? How is it different from blue water economy with respect to maritime diplomacy? Explain.

9. Do you agree with the view that huge imbalance in India-ASEAN trade has rendered the free trade agreement between India and ASEAN irrelevant? What are the major reasons for this imbalance? Discuss giving suitable suggestions. |

10. Highlight the need to revisit India’s neighbourhood policy with respect to the transboundary water resources.

11. Throw some light on the importance of BIMSTEC for India in promoting regional cooperation and integration in neighbourhood.

12. There are several issues associated with the working of World Trade Organization, which have eroded its credibility. Analyse.

13. Why India has neither signed nor ratified the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention or its 1967 Protocol? Justify the government stand.

14. What is Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) ? How US decision to terminate DACA will affect the immigrants?

15. WTO has continuously faced the challenge of striking a balance between the interests of developed and developing economies. Discuss.

16. What are the major factors that contribute to the geopolitical significance of the Indian Ocean? Critically examine in the light of current geopolitics and implications of the same for India.

17. How non-state actors bend foreign policies of countries? Critically discuss while keeping India's neighbourhood in focus.

18. The treaty on Nuclear Non-Proliferation (NPT) has many flaws despite its universal acceptance. Comment on India’s position on the related issues.

19. Despite similar strategic interests, India-Indonesia relationships were not focussed upon, however rapidly evolving regional strategic realities have forced both to coordinate their policies even more closely. Analyze.

20. Enumerate the reasons that have led to a lopsided trade between India and China. Do you agree with the view that a face-off between the two countries has more economic ramifications than security? Discuss.

GS-II: Social Justice

1. Government often cites lack of funds for development projects but there are common instances where funds lie unutilised in several departments. Explain the reasons behind this.

2. Section 498-A of Indian Penal Code is considered to be most draconian provision of the IPC with respect to dowry. Critically discuss the recent (July 2017) Supreme Court order in this context and its potential implications

3. Despite agriculture increasingly becoming a female activity in India, only a very small amount of land owners are women. Identify the hurdles in giving women land rights and the measures needed to tackle it.

4. Discuss the extent, causes, and implications of 'double burden of malnutrition' in India.

5. Amid the growing concerns around groundwater, discuss the salient features, significance and prospects of Atal Bhoojal Yojana.

6. Critically assess the government efforts in India to involve the community in primary healthcare activities and impacts of these efforts in various health indicators.

7. What are the provisions of proposed women reservation bill? What are the hitches in its passage? Discuss.

8. The social evil of debt bondage or bonded labour in still in continuance even after 75 years of independence. Examine the reasons behind it and discuss steps to be taken for its redress.

9. Bring out the key differences between India's Aadhaar and Social Security Number (SSN) of United States while examining the role of former in better implantation of government schemes for vulnerable sections of society.

10. Discuss the constitutional, statutory and policy framework for protection of the rights of tribal and indigenous people in India.

11. The NALSA judgement of Supreme Court provided the right for self-determination of gender; however, its spirit got diluted with the passage of Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2019. Analyze.

12. To what extent, the electronic vaccine intelligence Network(eVIN) can help in the proper implementation of vaccination programs? Discuss.

13. The acceptance for traditional medicines is growing, owing to multiple benefits offered by them. However, there are several challenges in its adoption at large scale. Discuss.

14. Without declaring the ‘right to health’ as a fundamental right, it is not possible to achieve the goal of Universal Health Coverage. Comment.

15. Economic empowerment alone cannot provide social security; social empowerment is needed along with it. Discuss in the context of India.

16. Highlighting the role played by ASHA workers, discuss the challenges faced by them in the public health system of India.

17. What are the proposed amendments to the Whistle Blowers Act? Do they defeat the very purpose of the legislation? Discuss

18. In the light of increasing trend of disinvestment in India, discuss its merits and demerits.

19. Discuss the importance for providing social security to gig workers. Highlight the challenges that exist in this regard.

20. In recent times, several states in India have adopted the practice of creating separate schools and colleges for children of marginalised communities such as Dalits and Tribals. Does it bypass the mandate of inclusive education that must be open and accessible to children from all backgrounds, castes and religions? Discuss critically.

GS-III: Economy & Economic Development

1. Though Multilateral Development Banks are crucial for holistic development of developing nations like India, there are certain legitimate concerns about their functioning. Discuss.

2. It has been argued, that the time has come for India to usher in full liberalization of the capital account. Analyze.

3. Pradhanmantri Jan Dhan Yojna has played a significant role in increasing financial inclusion. Analyze its performance in achieving its objectives.

4. Farm loan waivers are neither adequate nor recommended for promoting sustained agricultural growth. Analyze.

5. India’s per capita GDP has grown five times in last two decades, however the income distribution is highly uneven. In this context, discuss the issue of rising inequality in India.

6. Discuss the challenges faced by jute industry in India. What are the steps taken by the government to address these challenges?

7. While focusing on the importance of agriculture extension services in India, highlight the challenges faced in implementing it. Discuss the role of National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET) in this context.

8. Highlight the fundamental reasons behind the employment problem that India is facing currently. Also, suggest a way forward.

9. Economic policies focused only on quantitative aspect of growth have not shown trickle-down effect. Inclusive growth only can ensure equitable distribution of fruits of progress. Elaborate.

10. Asset monetization is imperative to achieve the goal of $5 trillion economy and fund India’s massive infrastructure needs. In the light of above statement, critically discuss the need of national monetization pipeline. Also discuss the issues that need to be addressed for its success.

11. The Green Term Ahead Market (GTAM) can be a game changer for the renewable energy sector in India. Evaluate.

12. The need of the hour is to do away with traditional accounting methods like GDP calculation and move towards more comprehensive methods that accounts for Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services as well to establish link between economy and environment. In this context, discuss the initiatives taken by India.

13. Right marketing strategies and an efficient supply chain are imperative to make India a global food supply leader. Elucidate.

14. India needs to move from being an assembler to a manufacturer of microchips. In this context, identify the associated challenges and opportunities.

15. Integrated water resource management can address the problems related to water in India. Discuss.

16. India needs a targeted region-specific action plan in order to achieve an equitable distribution of fruits of prosperity, owing to its geographical diversity and varied levels of development across regions. Elaborate.

17. It is often argued that a circular economy has solutions to the economic problems in India. What are the principles on which circular economy is based? Discuss its relevance in India.

18. Globalization has ushered rapid GDP growth but it is also making world more and more unequal. Analyse.

19. Throwing light on the role of off-budget borrowings, explain how it helps the government in raising funds for various expenditures. Also examine its desirability.

20. Indian agriculture needs to move towards GM food crops, in order to ensure the food security of the country. Critically examine in context of concerns raised towards introduction of GM crops.

21. National Hydrogen Mission can be a game changer for India’s rising energy demands. Discuss the benefits and challenges associated.

22. India has not been able to implement land reforms in an efficient manner even after many decades. Enumerate the key hurdles in accomplishing land reforms in India. Also, discuss the advantages which can be reaped by accomplishing them in contemporary times.

23. Smart Agriculture can be a game-changer for the stressed agriculture sector in India. Elaborate.

24. To achieve the goal of $5 trillion economy, it is imperative to put primary focus on private investments. Discuss. Also, highlight the steps taken by government to boost private investments.

25. India has a very high potential for startups, however, there has been limited success because of various challenges. Discuss.

26. Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have a great potential for economic growth, however, they have achieved limited success in India. Mention the factors responsible and also suggest some steps to address the problem.

27. A barrier-free trade of the agriculture produce is essential in doubling farmer’s incomes. The farm laws that are taken back were a right step to tackle the bottlenecks. Critically analyze.

28. Power Discoms are plagued by several problems and privatization is often regarded as a solution to the existing problems. Critically examine.

29. India’s policy of price intervention in the agricultural sector has done more harm than benefit. It has created a skewed agricultural market and complicated matters related to international trade rules. Critically discuss.

30. There is an increasing demand for global minimum tax, across the world. Discuss the significance, prospects, and challenges for India.

31. How land banks can encourage land use efficiency and create economic growth? Discuss in light of increasing prominence of land banks in India. Also, examine the concerns associated with it.

32. Hydrogen-based energy production can play a key role in a clean, secure, and affordable energy future. In this context, identify the potential and opportunities for utilizing hydrogen-based technologies. What are the challenges that need to be addressed to fulfill the potential?

33. Explain the significance of credit rating agencies in India and highlight the issues in their working.

34. Highlight the importance of the Gati Shakti Mission in addressing the issues of infrastructure bottlenecks and streamlining the governance processes.

35. Despite having the potential to become a maritime power house, India cannot utilize its full potential until it integrates the dispersed logistic activities of maritime trade. Comment.

36. Despite its importance, agricultural marketing faces various institutional and infrastructural-related issues in India. Elaborate. Also, discuss the measures that have been taken in this context.

37. In order to make India a manufacturing hub, there is a need to focus on the core areas which are crucial for promoting exports. Discuss in the backdrop of Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.

38. Foreign capital is very important for a developing country like India, however there are various concerns associated with it. Discuss.

39. The livestock sector can play a very significant role in achieving the aim of doubling farmers’ income and bringing people out of poverty by augmenting their income. Discuss, and also suggest some measures for sustainable growth of the livestock sector.

40. The skill India mission of the government of India faces a 3E challenge, Education, Employment & Employability. Discuss and suggest measures to overcome these challenges.