Marginal Rise in Saltwater Crocodiles of Odisha’s Bhitarkanika National Park

January 16, 2024

The population of saltwater or estuarine crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in Odisha’s Bhitarkanika National Park has seen a slight increase, numbering 1,811 as per the 2024 census. This is up from 1,793 crocodiles counted last year through an extensive survey effort.

Bhitarkanika National Park

Bhitarkanika National Park is a 145 sq km protected area located in the Kendrapara district of Odisha, India. It was designated a national park in September 1998 and subsequently accorded Ramsar Site status in August 2002, becoming Odisha’s second wetland after Chilika Lake to receive this recognition.

The national park is surrounded by the larger 672 sq km Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary. It lies alongside the Gahirmatha Beach and Marine Sanctuary, which separates the park’s mangrove swamps and tidal regions from the Bay of Bengal. The park ecosystem is nourished by the Brahmani, Baitarani, Dhamra and Pathsala rivers and is noted for its extensive mangrove cover, representing India’s second largest mangrove forest after the Sundarbans in West Bengal. Both parks, along with Andaman and Nicobar Islands, form the three prime habitats of these giant reptiles in the country.

Annual Crocodile Census Conducted

The crocodile census is held every year in winter when around 50% of mudflats get exposed. In 2024, 22 teams surveyed numerous rivers, creeks and channels over three days aided by forest staff and herpetologists.

All Age Groups Show Marginal Growth

Experts spotted increased counts across hatchlings, yearlings, juveniles, sub-adults and adults compared to 2023, indicating marginal population growth overall. But only adults and sub-adults are potentially dangerous to humans.

Rising Human-Crocodile Conflict a Concern

Conflicts have risen lately, with six killed in crocodile attacks near Bhitarkanika between June-August 2022. Experts note crocodiles now venture over 70-100 kms from the park into inhabited areas. Capturing and returning them is challenging.

The gradual expansion of saltwater giant’s range around human habitations poses an increasing risk. Awareness and preventing fatal encounters is crucial for coexistence

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