LOX-Methane Rocket Engine

March 8, 2025

ISRO is advancing its capabilities in space technology by developing a LOX-methane engine for its Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV). This new engine features a reusable booster stage and two expendable upper stages. The initiative aims to enhance mission flexibility through multiple restarts. Recent successful tests of a spark torch igniter mark step forward in this ambitious project.

About LOX-Methane Engines

A LOX-methane engine uses liquid oxygen as an oxidiser and methane as fuel. Methane is considered the fuel of the future in space exploration. It can be synthesised from water and carbon dioxide found in space. This characteristic makes it viable for long-term missions, such as those to Mars.

Significance of Multiple Restarts

The capability for multiple restarts is crucial for both the booster stage recovery and the upper stage missions. This flexibility allows for adjustments during flight, making missions more adaptable to changing conditions or objectives.

Development of Spark Torch Igniter

ISRO’s Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) is developing a spark torch igniter for the LOX-methane engine. This igniter is designed to ensure higher ignition reliability and cleaner combustion. A successful test of this igniter was conducted using gaseous oxygen and hydrogen.

Transition from Hydrazine to Methane

ISRO currently uses hydrazine-based fuels, which are toxic and potentially carcinogenic. The shift towards methane is in line with global trends to eliminate hydrazine. Methane offers numerous advantages, including non-toxicity, higher specific impulse, and easier storage.

Global Context of Methane Engines

The development of methane-powered engines is not unique to ISRO. Other countries are also exploring this technology. For example, China has developed a working LOX-methane engine, and SpaceX is working on its Raptor rocket, which will use methane as fuel.

Emerging Alternatives in Rocket Fuels

In addition to LOX-methane, other fuels like Hydrogen peroxide and Ammonium di Nitramide are being explored. Startups like Manastu Space are innovating in this area, aiming to develop propulsion systems that could revolutionise satellite launching and space research.

Future Prospects

The advancements in rocket fuels and engines are expected to reduce the cost of space missions. As technology evolves, the landscape of space exploration will change, making it more accessible and efficient.

« Previous Post Next Post »