Karnataka’s Controversial Sharavathi Hydroelectric Project

March 10, 2025

The Sharavathi pumped storage hydroelectric project (PSHP) in Karnataka has sparked controversy. The project aims to generate 2,000 MW of electricity while also supplying drinking water to Bengaluru. However, it faces fierce opposition from environmentalists and local communities concerned about ecological damage to the Western Ghats.

About The Project

The Sharavathi PSHP involves the construction of upper and lower reservoirs. Water will be pumped uphill during off-peak hours and released downhill during peak demand. The project is modelled after Telangana’s Kaleshwaram project. It requires five tunnels and eight pumping stations. The estimated cost is Rs 8,000 crore.

Environmental Concerns

The project threatens the fragile ecosystem of the Sharavathi Valley, home to the endangered Lion-tailed Macaque and the vulnerable Great Indian Hornbill. The site requires 360 acres of pristine forest land within a wildlife sanctuary. The loss of biodiversity is alarming, especially as Karnataka’s forest cover is only 20% compared to the national target of 33%. Critics argue that the project violates the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.

Technical Feasibility

The project is projected to consume more electricity than it generates. It is estimated to generate 12,000 MWH annually while consuming about 14,833 MWH for pumping. This raises questions about the economic viability of the project, especially given the state’s peak power demand. The feasibility report suggests that increased demand may necessitate further costly projects.

Legal and Procedural Issues

The Karnataka High Court has intervened in the bidding process, issuing a stay order due to allegations of corruption. The Karnataka Power Corporation Limited (KPCL) awarded the contract to Megha Engineering & Infrastructures Limited (MEIL) despite ongoing legal disputes. The tender process has faced accusations of favouritism and procedural irregularities, particularly regarding the short timeline for bids.

Political Reactions

Opposition parties have condemned the Congress-led state government for allegedly fast-tracking the tender to benefit certain interests. Activists are mobilising for protests and legal challenges against the project. The situation marks the tension between energy development and environmental protection in India.

National Implications

The Sharavathi project raises broader questions about India’s energy goals and ecological sustainability. As protests grow and legal challenges loom, the future of the Western Ghats and its endangered species remains uncertain.

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