Justice Kurian Joseph Committee

April 17, 2025

Recently, Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M K Stalin announced the formation of a high-level committee to review the Centre-State relationship in India. This committee, chaired by Justice Kurian Joseph, aims to reinforce the constitutional rights of Indian states. This initiative echoes a similar effort made almost 50 years ago by the then Chief Minister C N Annadurai. The historical context marks ongoing concerns regarding the erosion of state powers.

Historical Context of Centre-State Relations

The 1969 Centre-State Relations Inquiry Committee, led by Dr. P V Rajamannar, examined the Constitution of India. It identified a growing dominance of the Centre over states. The committee concluded that while the Constitution appears federal, its implementation has reduced states to mere extensions of the Centre. This shift has implications for the autonomy and governance of states.

Key Findings of the Rajamannar Committee

The Rajamannar Committee brought into light several constitutional provisions that empower the Centre. Articles 256, 257, and 365 allow the Centre to issue directives to states. The committee warned that this undermines state authority.
It recommended repealing Article 356, which permits President’s Rule in states, and establishing a strong Inter-State Council to facilitate dialogue.
The committee also critiqued institutions like the Planning Commission. It argued that their discretionary powers over grants create dependency. This dependency diminishes the relevance of the Finance Commission, which is constitutionally mandated. The committee warned against the centralisation of planning and funding, which erodes the federal balance.
The committee addressed the argument that a strong Centre is necessary for national unity. It posited that overextension weakens the Centre. True strength lies in clarity and restraint, not in expanding control over state matters. The committee referenced Annadurai’s views on the limitations of Centre’s responsibilities.

Current Political Landscape

Stalin’s committee formation comes amid ongoing disputes between Tamil Nadu and the BJP-led central government. Issues include NEET, GST compensation, and language policy.

Future Implications

The new committee will examine the current legal framework and suggest measures to restore state rights. However, the likelihood of the Centre acting on its findings remains uncertain. Past recommendations from the Rajamannar Committee and subsequent commissions have largely gone unaddressed.

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