ISRO’s LVM3 Rocket Achieves Multi-Orbit Capability

December 28, 2024

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has recently marked milestone with its LVM3 rocket, which allows the rocket to place satellites in various orbits during a single mission. The development of a “multi-element ignitor” for the CE-20 Cryogenic engine was crucial for this capability.

Multi-Element Ignitor Development

ISRO’s new ignitor enables the CE-20 engine to restart in space. This innovation enhances the flexibility of the rocket. It allows the deployment of multiple satellites into different orbits without needing additional launches.

Importance of the CE-20 Engine

The CE-20 Cryogenic engine is integral to the LVM3’s final stage. It plays a very important role in accurately placing satellites into their designated orbits. The successful test confirmed that the engine functions as intended.

ISRO employed a “Sea Level test” for the Cryogenic engine. This method, while not typically ideal, was adapted to simulate full operational duration. The Nozzle Protection System further enhanced the testing’s effectiveness and cost-efficiency.

Historical Context of Multi-Orbit Missions

ISRO has prior experience with multi-orbit missions using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). In 2019, the PSLV-C45 successfully deployed one primary satellite alongside 28 international satellites through multiple engine restarts.

ISRO intends to enable two or three restarts of the CE-20 engine in future missions. This capability will enhance the operational flexibility of the LVM3 rocket.

Cold Gas Thruster Technology

Before the development of restart technology, ISRO relied on cold gas thrusters for satellite positioning. This method used leftover fuel for minor thrust adjustments, ensuring precise satellite deployment.

The CE-20 engine uses super-cooled fuels, which require stringent storage conditions. ISRO’s indigenous design has successfully powered multiple LVM3 missions and is being upgraded to support heavier payloads, including the Gaganyaan mission.

GKToday Notes:
Multi-Element Ignitor: This ignitor enables the CE-20 engine to restart in space. It enhances the rocket’s flexibility, allowing multiple satellites to be deployed efficiently in a single mission.
Sea Level Test: This testing method simulates full operational duration for cryogenic engines. It is not typically ideal but was adapted for cost-effectiveness and simplicity in testing the CE-20 engine.
Cold Gas Thruster: This technology was used prior to restart capabilities. It utilises leftover fuel for minor thrust adjustments, ensuring precise satellite deployment without requiring additional launches.
Gaganyaan Mission: This upcoming mission aims to send Indian astronauts into space. The CE-20 engine is being upgraded for higher thrust levels to support this milestone in India’s space exploration.

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