Invasive Red Fire Ant Species Detected in Italy

September 13, 2023

A study warns that the invasive non-native ant species, the red fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), has become established in Italy and poses a threat to Europe and the UK due to global heating. These ants have a powerful sting, damage crops, and can infest electrical equipment. The red fire ant is considered one of the most destructive invasive species globally, causing an estimated $6 billion in damage each year. Researchers have identified 88 red fire ant nests in Sicily, Italy, and suspect they may have come from China or the US. The UK has been called on to ban soil imports, as invasive ant species can easily spread through imported soil.

Why is the red fire ant considered one of the most destructive invasive species?

The red fire ant is considered highly destructive because it forms “super colonies” rapidly, preys on various organisms including invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants, and competes with native species for food. It also causes significant damage to crops and can infest electrical equipment, leading to economic and ecological harm.

What is the potential threat posed by the red fire ant to Europe and the UK?

The red fire ant’s establishment in Italy poses a potential threat to Europe and the UK due to its invasive nature. With global heating, it could spread to approximately 7% of Europe, including major cities like London, Paris, Rome, and Barcelona. Mediterranean coastal cities are particularly susceptible, and seaports could facilitate its spread.

How are invasive ant species introduced to new regions?

Invasive ant species can be introduced to new regions through the import of soil. To prevent their spread, experts recommend banning soil imports. While the EU has banned soil exports from the UK, the UK has not reciprocated, making it an open door for invasive ant species. Preventative measures are crucial because once invasive ants establish themselves, eradication becomes extremely challenging.

How could global heating contribute to the spread of the red fire ant in Europe?

Global heating could make approximately 50% of urban areas in Europe climatically suitable for the red fire ant. This includes major cities, and as temperatures rise, more regions will become conducive to the ant’s survival and proliferation, facilitating its spread across the continent.

What role can the public play in detecting the red fire ant?

The public can play a key role in detecting the red fire ant due to its painful stings and characteristic nest mounds. They can report sightings, but confirmation by an expert is required. Given that the ant is frequently found in urban and adjacent areas, public vigilance can aid in early detection.

Which countries have taken steps to address the red fire ant?

Australia is spending A$400 million on eradicating the red fire ant but has faced criticism for not acting decisively enough. New Zealand is the only country to successfully eradicate the ant after it appeared in 2001. Eradication efforts are challenging once the species is established.

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