Indo-Myanmar Border Regulations

January 18, 2025

In recent months, the Government of India has intensified its regulations regarding the entry of foreigners into the Northeastern states bordering Myanmar. This shift follows a period of relative openness, with implications for local communities and cross-border relations.

Protected Area Regime (PAR)

The Government of India reinstated the Protected Area Regime in Manipur, Mizoram, and Nagaland. This policy restricts foreign nationals from visiting these areas without special permits. The PAR aims to enhance security and control foreign access, countering previous efforts to promote tourism.

Free Movement Regime (FMR) Amendments

The Centre amended the Free Movement Regime, which previously allowed border residents to travel 16 km into each other’s territory without a visa. The new protocol limits this to residents within 10 km of the border, requiring a border pass for visits lasting up to seven days.

Political and Social Reactions

The amendments have sparked mixed reactions. While the BJP-led government in Manipur supports tighter controls due to concerns over illegal immigration, political factions in Mizoram and Nagaland have opposed the changes. Local communities share ethnic ties across the border, complicating the issue.

Community Concerns

Local organisations, such as the Zo-Reunification Organisation, express dissatisfaction with the new FMR rules. They argue that restricting movement to those living within 10 km is insufficient, as many have relatives further inland. They advocate for longer border pass validity.

Government and Civil Society Responses

The Mizoram government and civil society groups have largely refrained from opposing the new regulations, indicating a sense of resignation to central government decisions. They still advocate for welcoming tourists and maintaining some level of cross-border movement.

Geopolitical Implications

Analysts suggest that these regulatory changes are a response to the evolving political landscape in Myanmar, particularly the weakening of the junta’s control. The Government of India’s approach aims to balance security with the complexities of local ethnic dynamics.

Future Considerations

The recent interventions reflect an ongoing effort to manage border security while navigating the sensitivities of local communities. The effectiveness of these measures and their impact on Indo-Myanmar relations remain to be seen.

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