India’s Quantum Satellite Initiative
India is set to launch a quantum satellite within the next two to three years, aiming to enhance secure communications using quantum technology, which is part of the National Quantum Mission (NQM), approved in April 2023, with a budget of ₹6,000 crore. The NQM will continue until 2031 and focus on leveraging quantum physics for advanced communication and sensing systems.
What is a Quantum Satellite?
A quantum satellite is a communication satellite that utilizes quantum physics principles to secure signals. Traditional communication systems depend on encryption to safeguard messages. However, advancements in quantum computing pose threats to current encryption methods. Quantum technology provides solutions like quantum key distribution (QKD) to ensure the secure sharing of encryption keys.
About Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
Quantum key distribution allows two parties to share encryption keys securely. If an eavesdropper attempts to intercept the communication, measuring the quantum system alters its state. This change alerts the legitimate users and aborts the transmission, ensuring the integrity of the communication.
Current Developments in QKD
QKD has made progress but remains in development. China possesses the largest QKD network, which includes three quantum satellites. In India, researchers have identified Hanle in Ladakh as a prime location for satellite-based QKD experiments, targeting data transmission over distances of 500 km.
Despite its promise, QKD systems encounter several challenges. High costs, hardware limitations, and vulnerability to denial-of-service attacks hinder widespread adoption. Experts suggest integrating post-quantum cryptography to fortify classical encryption against both quantum and classical computing threats.
The Future of Quantum Communications
The potential of quantum communication systems is vast. India’s pursuit of quantum satellites reflects a global competition to innovate and secure the future of communications. The advancement of quantum technology could redefine secure communication protocols worldwide.
GKToday Notes:
- National Quantum Mission (NQM): NQM is India’s initiative to harness quantum physics for communication. Approved in April 2023, it has a budget of ₹6,000 crore and runs until 2031.
- Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): QKD is a secure method for sharing encryption keys. It alerts users if eavesdropping occurs, ensuring communication integrity through quantum principles.
- Post-Quantum Cryptography: Post-quantum cryptography strengthens encryption against quantum computing threats. It aims to protect classical encryption methods from being compromised by advanced quantum technologies.
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Month: Current Affairs - December, 2024
Category: Science & Technology Current Affairs