India’s Foreign Policy – Engagement with the African Union [UGC-NTA NET Political Science]

India’s foreign policy towards Africa has evolved since the mid-20th century. India’s ties with Africa began during the decolonization movement of the 1950s and 1960s.

• India supported African nations in their struggles against colonialism.
• The Non-Aligned Movement was a platform for India to strengthen its ties with newly independent African countries.
• In 2001, the African Union replaced the Organization of African Unity, enhancing regional cooperation.

Diplomatic Relations

India recognises the AU as vital for African political stability and development.

• India has established diplomatic missions in over 30 African countries.
• The Permanent Mission in Addis Ababa serves as a key link to the AU.
• Regular consultations occur to align policies and initiatives.

Key Areas of Cooperation

India’s engagement with Africa encompasses various sectors.

Political Cooperation

• India supports African unity and integration through various initiatives.
• It advocates for African-led solutions to regional challenges.

Economic Cooperation

• Trade between India and Africa reached approximately $70 billion in 2021.
• India exports machinery, pharmaceuticals, and textiles to Africa.
• African nations supply India with minerals and agricultural products.

Development Assistance

• India has pledged $10 billion in credit to African nations.
• An additional $600 million is allocated for grants to support development projects.

Summits and Forums

The India-Africa Forum Summit (IAFS) serves as a platform for dialogue.

• The first summit was held in 2008, followed by gatherings in 2011 and 2015.
• Focus areas include trade, health, and education.
• India participates in AU summits, promoting peace and sustainable development.

Peace and Security Initiatives

India supports peacekeeping efforts in Africa.

• India has contributed troops to AU-led missions in Somalia and South Sudan.
• It also supports UN peacekeeping operations across the continent.

Cultural and Educational Exchanges

Cultural ties are strengthened through education and training.

• The Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) programme offers professional training to African citizens.
• Scholarships for African students are available in Indian universities, promoting educational exchange.

Health Cooperation

Health initiatives have gained prominence, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• India supplied vaccines to multiple African countries, aiding in their pandemic response.
• Capacity-building initiatives focus on healthcare infrastructure and pharmaceuticals.

Trade and Investment

India aims to boost bilateral trade and investment.

• The Africa-India Trade and Investment Promotion Forum facilitates business partnerships.
• Indian investments target sectors like telecommunications, agriculture, and energy.

Technology and Innovation

Technological collaboration is a priority in India-Africa relations.

• India transfers technology in agriculture, renewable energy, and IT.
• The Pan-African e-Network project enhances connectivity and educational opportunities.

Challenges and Opportunities

India faces both challenges and opportunities in its African engagements.

• Competition with global powers like China and the USA poses a challenge.
• Opportunities exist in sustainable development and climate change initiatives.
• India can leverage its soft power and historical ties to strengthen relationships.

Recent Developments

Recent trends indicate a strengthening of ties between India and Africa.

• New bilateral agreements focus on trade, security, and technology.
• Increased emphasis on youth engagement and entrepreneurship is evident.
• India promotes initiatives that align with Africa’s development goals.