India’s Foreign Policy – Engagement with ASEAN [UGC NTA NET Political Science Notes]

India’s foreign policy has evolved over the years, particularly in its engagement with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This relationship is rooted in historical ties and has expanded to encompass economic, strategic, and cultural dimensions.

Historical Background

India’s relationship with ASEAN dates back to its establishment.

• ASEAN was founded on August 8, 1967, in Bangkok, Thailand.
• India was among the first nations to forge connections with ASEAN, focusing on economic and cultural exchanges.

Establishment of Formal Dialogue

The formal dialogue between India and ASEAN marked milestone.

• Initiated in 1992, this dialogue led to the ASEAN-India Partnership for Peace, Progress, and Shared Prosperity in 2004.
• The first ASEAN-India Summit occurred in 2002 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, establishing an annual tradition.

Economic Relations

Economic ties between India and ASEAN have strengthened over the years.

1. ASEAN is one of India’s largest trading partners, with bilateral trade reaching approximately $100 billion in 2020.
2. The ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in goods became effective in 2010.
3. Indian investments in ASEAN countries exceed $70 billion, primarily in IT, pharmaceuticals, and infrastructure.

Strategic Cooperation

India and ASEAN collaborate on various strategic fronts.

• Security cooperation focuses on maritime security, counter-terrorism, and transnational crime.
• India actively participates in the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and the East Asia Summit (EAS).
• Bilateral defence agreements exist with several ASEAN nations, including Vietnam and Singapore.
• Joint military exercises and training programs enhance defence ties.

Cultural and People-to-People Ties

Cultural exchange initiatives have encourageed deeper connections.

1. The ASEAN-India Cultural Exchange Program promotes mutual understanding.
2. Tourism and educational exchanges have increased cultural interactions.
3. A Indian diaspora in ASEAN countries contributes to cultural and economic links.

Connectivity Initiatives

Connectivity projects are crucial for enhancing ties.

• The India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway aims to improve physical connectivity.
• Proposals exist for enhancing maritime and air connectivity between India and ASEAN.
• Digital connectivity initiatives focus on improving technological cooperation and infrastructure.

Regional and Global Issues

India and ASEAN collaborate on pressing regional and global matters.

1. India supports ASEAN’s centrality and freedom of navigation in the South China Sea.
2. Collaboration on climate change encourages sustainable development and climate action initiatives.

Recent Developments

Recent developments highlight the evolving nature of India-ASEAN relations.

• The Act East Policy puts stress on the importance of strengthening ties with ASEAN.
• India’s response to COVID-19 included cooperation in health and vaccine distribution.
• The ASEAN-India Commemorative Summit in 2018 celebrated 25 years of dialogue partnership, focusing on enhanced cooperation.

Challenges

Despite progress, challenges persist in the relationship.

1. Geopolitical tensions arise from balancing relations with ASEAN amidst China’s growing influence.
2. Trade imbalances necessitate addressing deficits and enhancing market access for Indian products.

Future Prospects

The future of India-ASEAN relations appears promising.

• There is potential for deeper economic integration and strategic partnerships.
• Collaborative efforts towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) will be essential in the region.

India’s engagement with ASEAN is a key component of its foreign policy. This partnership reflects a shared commitment to peace, prosperity, and mutual respect. As the global landscape continues to evolve, both India and ASEAN are poised to navigate challenges and seize opportunities together.