India’s Foreign Policy and Engagement with BRICS [UGC NTA NET Political Science Notes]

India’s foreign policy is a dynamic framework that reflects its aspirations for growth and stability in an increasingly multipolar world. As a founding member of BRICS, India’s engagement with this group of emerging economies plays a very important role in shaping its international relations.

Overview of BRICS

BRICS is an acronym for Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.

Formation

– Established in 2009 as BRIC. – South Africa joined in 2010, expanding the group’s scope.

Members

– Brazil – Russia – India – China – South Africa

Purpose

– To promote peace, security, and development. – Focuses on encouraging cooperation in a multipolar world.

India’s Role in BRICS

India has been player in BRICS since its inception.

Founding Member

– India is one of the original four members of BRIC. – Its involvement marks its commitment to emerging economies.

Leadership

– Hosted the 5th BRICS Summit in 2013 in Durban, South Africa. – Showcases India’s diplomatic engagement on a global platform.

Current Chairmanship

– Held the BRICS presidency in 2021 and 2023. – Strengthened India’s leadership role within the group.

Economic Cooperation

Economic collaboration is a mainstay of BRICS relations.

New Development Bank (NDB)

– Established in 2014. – Funds infrastructure and sustainable development projects.

Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA)

– A financial safety net for member countries. – Provides liquidity and precautionary support during crises.

Trade Relations

– Aims to increase intra-BRICS trade. – In 2021, trade volume reached approximately $100 billion.

Political and Security Cooperation

BRICS also focuses on political and security issues.

Global Governance

– Advocates for reforms in global institutions. – Calls for a more representative UN Security Council.

Counter-Terrorism

– Joint statements emphasising the need for cooperation against terrorism. – Highlights a collective approach to global security challenges.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

– Collaborative efforts to achieve SDGs. – Focus on health, education, and environmental sustainability.

Cultural and People-to-People Exchanges

Cultural initiatives enhance mutual understanding among member states.

Cultural Festivals

– Initiatives to promote cultural exchanges. – Encourages appreciation of diverse traditions.

Academic Collaborations

– Establishment of BRICS Network University. – Facilitates academic cooperation and research.

Challenges in BRICS Relations

Despite its potential, BRICS faces several challenges.

Geopolitical Tensions

– India-China border disputes affect bilateral relations. – Tensions can hinder cooperation within BRICS.

Divergent Interests

– Different political systems and economic priorities. – Varying agendas can complicate consensus-building.

Coordination Issues

– Difficulty in achieving agreement on key issues. – National interests often conflict, leading to delays.

Recent Developments

BRICS continues to evolve in response to global changes.

Expansion Talks

– Discussions on expanding BRICS membership. – Potential new members include Argentina and Egypt.

2023 Summit

– Focus on enhancing cooperation in digital economy, health, and climate change. – Aims to address contemporary global challenges.

Strategic Importance for India

BRICS holds strategic significance for India.

Multipolarity

– Strengthens India’s position against Western dominance. – Supports a balanced global power structure.

Economic Diversification

– Reduces dependency on Western economies. – Enhances ties with emerging markets for sustainable growth.

Regional Influence

– Boosts India’s influence in the Global South. – Solidifies relationships with developing nations.

Future Prospects

The future of BRICS appears promising for India.

Increased Collaboration

– Potential for deeper economic and political ties. – Global dynamics are shifting towards multipolarity.

Focus on Innovation

– Emphasis on technology and innovation cooperation. – Drives growth and development among member states.

Climate Change Initiatives

– Joint efforts to tackle climate change. – Promotes sustainable development and environmental responsibility.