India’s Defence Export Protocol

April 7, 2025

India’s Ministry of External Affairs recently defended its strategic trade practices amid claims of improper arms supply to Russia. This comes in the context of ongoing geopolitical tensions and India’s commitment to international trade regulations. The Ministry asserted that Indian companies adhere strictly to export controls and end-user commitments.

Importance of Strategic Trade Controls

Strategic trade controls are crucial for preventing the spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) and conventional arms. India has established a comprehensive framework to regulate the export of dual-use and military items. This includes software and technologies that can be applied in civilian or military contexts. The controls ensure that exports are only permitted under specific authorisations, maintaining compliance with international obligations.

India’s Defence Export Goals

India aims to increase its defence exports, targeting ₹50,000 crore by 2029. In FY 2024-25, defence exports reached ₹23,622 crore, marking a 12.04% growth from the previous year. The government has implemented measures to simplify licensing requirements, facilitating an increase in defence exports. This includes support for both Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and the emerging private sector.

Licensing System Overview

India is a member of several international disarmament conventions, including the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention. It also participates in multilateral export control regimes like the Missile Technology Control Regime. The Special Chemicals, Organisms, Materials, Equipment and Technologies (SCOMET) list outlines controlled items for export. The Department of Defence Production (DDP) oversees export authorisations for military items.

Steps to Boost Defence Exports

The Government of India has introduced various policies to enhance defence production and exports. The Defence Production and Export Promotion Policy aims to streamline approvals and certifications for Indian firms. The DDP has become the central authority for export licensing of small arms components. An Export Promotion Cell and an online portal for processing export authorisations have been established to expedite the process.

Recent Developments in Defence Export

India has expanded its defence export capabilities to over 100 countries, primarily through PSUs. Recent successful exports include the Dornier 228 aircraft and BrahMos missile systems. The government has also introduced the Open General Export Licence (OGEL), allowing specified items to be exported without prior authorisation, thus simplifying the export process.

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