CAR T-Cell Therapy for Cancer

March 17, 2025

India has recently made strides in cancer treatment with the introduction of CAR T-cell therapy. The results from the first clinical trials have been published in The Lancet, showcasing a remarkable success rate. This therapy is a game changer for patients with blood cancers. It offers hope to those who have exhausted other treatment options.

What is CAR T-Cell Therapy?

CAR T-cell therapy, or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, is an innovative treatment that harnesses the body’s immune system. It trains T-cells to target and destroy cancer cells. This therapy is specifically designed for certain blood cancers. It is particularly beneficial for patients whose cancer has relapsed or failed to respond to standard treatments.

Clinical Trial

The clinical trials reported a response rate of nearly 73%. This indicates that number of patients benefited from the treatment. The trials also provided critical data on survival rates for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoma.

Approval and Accessibility

India’s drug regulator approved this therapy in 2023. This was based on preliminary results that had not yet undergone peer review. The therapy is now accessible in several major hospitals across India, including Apollo and Fortis. The approval process was expedited, allowing the therapy to reach patients in need without a lengthy Phase III trial.

Mechanism of Action

The process begins with the collection of a patient’s T-cells through blood filtration. These cells are then genetically modified in a laboratory to express receptors that target cancer cells. After multiplication, the engineered T-cells are infused back into the patient. This method enhances the immune response against cancer.

Side Effects and Complications

While the therapy shows promise, it is not without risks. The trials reported side effects. Common issues included anaemia, low platelet counts, and neutropenia. Serious complications such as haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis were observed in some patients. This condition can lead to severe inflammation and organ damage.

Cost and Global Context

The cost of CAR T-cell therapy in India is approximately US$30,000, lower than similar treatments abroad, which can exceed US$1 million. This affordability enhances access for many patients in India. The therapy is a landmark achievement in making advanced cancer treatments more accessible.

Importance of the Therapy

Access to CAR T-cell therapy is limited in many countries due to high costs and technological barriers. The introduction of this therapy in India represents advancement in cancer treatment. It provides a viable option for patients who previously had no alternatives.

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