Indian Navy’s Modernization Plan with Steam to Diesel Conversion

May 3, 2024

The Indian Navy has initiated a modernisation programme to enhance the life, maintenance support, and capability of its warships by converting their propulsion systems from steam to diesel. The Ministry of Defence had signed a contract worth Rs. 313.42 crore with Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) on 16 October 2023 to commence the mid-life upgrade and re-powering of INS Beas, the first of the Brahmaputra-class frigates to undergo this transformation.

INS Beas: The Flagship of the Conversion Project

The conversion of INS Beas began in early April 2024 and is expected to take approximately two years to complete. Once the upgrade is finished in 2026, INS Beas will rejoin the active fleet of the Indian Navy with a modernised weapon suite and enhanced combat capability. The successful completion of this project will pave the way for the conversion of the remaining Brahmaputra-class ships, INS Brahmaputra and INS Betwa, from steam to diesel propulsion.

Benefits of Diesel Propulsion

The transition from steam to diesel propulsion is expected to significantly extend the life of the warships. INS Beas, for example, which would have otherwise been decommissioned in 10 to 12 years, is expected to remain in active service for more than 20 years post-conversion. Diesel-powered ships are easier to maintain and offer better working conditions for the crew, as they eliminate issues such as steam leaks and high temperatures in the boiler and engine rooms that are associated with ageing steam propulsion systems.

Indigenous Development of Marine Diesel Engines

As part of the modernisation programme, the Indian Navy is also focusing on the indigenous development of marine diesel engines under the Make-I category. Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd and Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd (GRSE) have taken up this project, and upon successful development, orders for 30 diesel engines are expected to be placed. These engines will be fitted in next-generation corvettes and other naval vessels, further strengthening the Indian Navy’s capabilities and promoting self-reliance in defence manufacturing.

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