Impact of Air Pollution on Solar Energy

India is experiencing challenges in harnessing solar energy due to air pollution and climate change. A study conducted by researchers at IIT Delhi marks how these factors impair solar panel performance. As the fifth-largest solar power producer globally, India aims to generate 50% of its electric power from non-fossil sources by 2030. This ambitious goal includes installing 500 GW of renewable energy capacity, with solar power contributing one-fifth of this target.

Climate Change Effects on Solar Efficiency

Climate change poses a direct threat to solar energy efficiency. The study indicates that solar photovoltaic energy is sensitive to weather conditions. Variations in solar radiation due to atmospheric changes can impact energy generation. Factors such as clouds and air pollution can reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching solar panels.

Research Findings and Predictions

The study utilised data from 1985 to 2014 to project solar panel performance from 2041 to 2050. The researchers tested global climate models against observations from NASA’s CERES project. They explored two scenarios – one with moderate climate control efforts and another with weak climate action but strong air quality measures. The findings suggest that by mid-century, solar panel efficiency could drop by 2.3% under moderate efforts. This decline translates to a loss of approximately 840 gigawatt-hours of electricity annually.

Temperature and Solar Panel Performance

Temperature plays important role in solar panel efficiency. The study found that rising ambient temperatures could increase solar cell temperatures by 2 degrees Celsius by mid-century. High temperatures can affect the performance of solar cells, which operate best under cooler conditions. The research indicates that solar radiation is the primary factor influencing efficiency, followed by temperature and ambient wind speed.

Regional Variations in Solar Potential

Interestingly, certain regions in India, particularly parts of the northeast and Kerala, are expected to experience increased solar power potential. This is attributed to a predicted decrease in cloud cover in these areas.

The Need for Action

The study puts stress on the urgency of addressing climate change and improving air quality. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is crucial for enhancing solar energy potential. Public participation in adopting sustainable practices, such as using electric vehicles and promoting tree planting, is essential.

Month: Current Affairs - March, 2025

Category: Environment Current Affairs