Hydrogen-Based Explosive Device

Recently, China successfully tested a hydrogen-based explosive device. This new weapon, developed by the China State Shipbuilding Corporation’s 705 Research Institute, has demonstrated capabilities that exceed traditional explosives. The device showcases the potential for non-nuclear military applications while aligning with China’s broader goals of modernising its military and integrating cleaner energy technologies.

Overview of the Hydrogen-Based Explosive

The explosive device weighs 2 kilograms and produces a white-hot fireball lasting over two seconds. This duration is 15 times longer than a conventional TNT explosion. The device achieves temperatures exceeding 1,000 degrees Celsius, which allows for extensive thermal damage over a wide area. The key material used is magnesium hydride, which is a solid-state hydrogen storage compound.

Mechanism of Action

Upon detonation, magnesium hydride undergoes thermal decomposition. This releases hydrogen gas, which ignites and creates a sustained combustion cycle. The initial blast shatters the magnesium hydride into smaller fragments. These fragments heat up and continue to release hydrogen, resulting in a self-sustaining explosion. This mechanism allows for precise control over the blast intensity and effective destruction of targets.

Military Applications

The device can be used in various military scenarios. It can clear dispersed enemy forces or target high-value assets such as bridges or fuel depots. The sustained heat can deny access to critical routes or incapacitate essential services. This capability enables tactical advantages without widespread collateral damage.

Production and Technological Development

China has established a mass production facility in Shaanxi province. This facility can produce up to 150 tonnes of magnesium hydride annually, utilising a one-pot synthesis process. Previously, production was limited due to high costs and safety concerns. The new facility marks advancement in the availability of this critical material for military applications.

Integration of Clean Energy Technologies

China is actively modernising its military through the integration of clean energy technologies. The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is increasing its defence budget to support this initiative. Renewable energy sources such as solar and hydrogen power are being incorporated into military operations, enhancing sustainability and operational efficiency.

Geopolitical Context

The development of this explosive device occurs against a backdrop of heightened tensions in the South China Sea and around Taiwan. China’s military activities have intensified in response to increased US support for Taiwan. The PLA views these developments as direct challenges to its sovereignty, prompting a focus on advanced military capabilities.

Month: Current Affairs - April, 2025

Category: Defence Current Affairs