HPV Vaccination Initiatives in India for Cervical Cancer

April 7, 2025

The Government of India is intensifying efforts to combat cervical cancer through the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme. The Union Health Ministry is set to enhance the capacity of frontline workers involved in the vaccination process. Recent discussions and strategies have emerged following the government’s commitment in the 2024 interim budget to promote vaccination among girls aged 9 to 14. This initiative is crucial as India accounts for proportion of global cervical cancer cases.

About Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

HPV is a group of over 200 viruses. More than 40 types can be transmitted through sexual contact. Certain HPV types lead to genital warts, while others are linked to cancers. Specifically, HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases. The virus is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, often asymptomatic. Persistent infection can lead to cancer.

Importance of HPV Vaccination

The HPV vaccine is essential for preventing infections that may lead to cancer. It is most effective when administered between the ages of 9 and 26. The vaccine series protects against various HPV types known to cause cervical and other cancers. Vaccination can reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer in both men and women.

Current HPV Vaccines in India

India currently has two main HPV vaccines available – Gardasil 4 by MSD Pharmaceuticals and Cervavac by Serum Institute of India. Both vaccines target four HPV sub-types, while Gardasil 9 covers nine sub-types. These vaccines are designed to protect against cervical, vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancers, along with genital warts.

Government Initiatives and Recommendations

The National Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (NTAGI) has recommended the inclusion of the HPV vaccine in the Universal Immunisation Programme. This aligns with global health recommendations, which suggest a single-dose administration for optimal protection. The government’s strategy includes capacity-building activities for healthcare workers and public education campaigns to raise awareness about HPV vaccination.

Cervical Cancer Statistics in India

India has about 16% of the world’s female population but accounts for approximately 25% of cervical cancer cases globally. The country sees around 80,000 new cervical cancer cases annually, resulting in nearly 35,000 deaths. The lifetime risk of developing cervical cancer for Indian women is 1.6%, with a 1% death risk.

Future Directions

The government is committed to expanding HPV vaccination coverage. Increased training for healthcare workers and public awareness initiatives are vital. These efforts aim to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer and improve women’s health outcomes across India.

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