Haryana Government Permits Nilgai Shooting

February 14, 2025

The Haryana government has recently approved new Wildlife (Protection) Rules permitting the shooting of male Nilgais, also known as blue bulls. This decision has ignited protests from environmentalists and local communities, particularly the Bishnoi community. Critics argue that this approach is neither ethical nor sustainable for addressing human-wildlife conflicts.

Background of the Nilgai Controversy

Nilgais are an integral part of Haryana’s wildlife and contribute to the region’s biodiversity.
Their population has been perceived as a threat to agriculture, leading to calls for management solutions.
The government’s decision has raised concerns about the ecological balance and the implications of legally permitting the killing of these animals.

Key Facts About Nilgai

Nilgai or Blue Cow (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is native to Indian subcontinent (India, Nepal, Pakistan)
It is the biggest among antelopes in Asia.

Nilgai has been considered sacred in Hinduism since the Vedic period (1500–500 BC).
Since “Nilgai” has religious importance, some states proposed renaming it as ‘Rojad’ (forest antelope) to allow culling.

Physical Features

Size: 1.7–2.1 meters in length
Weight:
- Males: 109–288 kg
- Females: 100–213 kg
Tail Length: 54 cm
Horns (Only in Males): 15–24 cm long
Appearance:
- Males: Bluish-grey color
- Females: Orange/tawny color
- Both have a sloping back, thin sturdy legs, and a white throat patch.
- Males have a “pendant” (13 cm long coarse hair below the throat).

Behavior

Active During the Day: Diurnal species.
Group Behavior: Found in small groups of 3–6.
Cautious Nature: Tame but timid when threatened.

Human-Wildlife Conflict

Crop Damage: Considered a pest in some states due to destruction of crops.
Vermin Status: Bihar has classified Nilgai as vermin, allowing legal hunting.

Conservation Status

IUCN Status: Least Concern
Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972): Listed under Schedule III.

Protests and Opposition

Environmental groups have strongly opposed the shooting rule. They argue that it fails to address the root causes of human-wildlife conflict. Many activists believe that there are more effective and humane alternatives to manage Nilgai populations without resorting to lethal measures.

Proposed Alternatives to Shooting

Activists have suggested various non-lethal methods to manage Nilgai populations. These include translocating overpopulated Nilgais to other suitable habitats where they can thrive without threatening crops. Additionally, conservation efforts focusing on habitat restoration and the removal of invasive species have been recommended.

Community Involvement in Wildlife Management

Local communities have been encouraged to participate in wildlife management. Initiatives such as establishing community reserves and using traditional farming practices can help create safe havens for Nilgais. Fencing techniques and community-led crop protection strategies have also been proposed to mitigate crop damage without harming wildlife.

Role of the Bishnoi Community

Religious Sect & Origin: The Bishnoi community is a Hindu sect mainly found in the Western Thar Desert and some northern states of India.
Founder: Guru Jambhesvara, born in 1451 AD in Peepasar village (Nagore district, Rajasthan), established their teachings.
Strict Environmental Protection: Bishnois strictly forbid harming trees and animals, making them one of the earliest conservationists.
Willing to Sacrifice for Nature: They believe in protecting the environment and are even willing to die for it.

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