Decline in Shark and Rays Since 1970: Study Reveals

December 7, 2024

Sharks and rays have faced declines worldwide since 1970, with their populations decreasing by over 50%. This dramatic reduction is primarily due to overfishing along with factors such as habitat destruction, climate change, and pollution. A recent study shows that one-third of these species are now at risk of extinction.

Affected Species

The decline began in freshwater and coastal regions. Larger species, such as sawfish and rhino rays, were the first to be impacted. Other species followed, including stingrays, eagle rays, angel sharks, hammerheads, and requiem sharks. Eventually, deep-sea species like sharks and skates became targets for fisheries seeking liver oil and meat.

Geographic Spread of Decline

The decline spread from rivers and estuaries to oceans and deep seas. Coastal waters were the initial hotspots for population decreases. Over time, the effects reached deeper marine environments, denoting the widespread impact of human activities.

Overfishing remains the primary cause of the population decline. Unsustainable fishing practices have severely depleted stocks. Habitat destruction further exacerbates the problem. Pollution and climate change also contribute to the vulnerability of these species.

Potential for Recovery

Despite the alarming trends, there is hope for recovery. Effective measures can be implemented to support shark and ray populations. Countries can reduce overfishing and improve fisheries management. Removing harmful subsidies is crucial for sustainable practices.

Several regions have made progress in conservation efforts. Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States have initiated positive changes. Parts of Europe and South Africa also show promising advancements. These efforts include science-based fishing limits and better management of incidental catch.

Importance of Protected Areas

Establishing protected areas is vital for the survival of these species. Such zones can facilitate recovery and ensure sustainable populations. Enhanced management strategies can help mitigate the threats faced by sharks and rays.

GKToday Facts for Exams:
Chondrichthyan Fishes are a class of cartilaginous fishes, including sharks, rays, and chimaeras. They are known for their unique skeletal structure and evolutionary significance.
Sawfishes are a group of rays characterised by long, flattened snouts resembling saw blades. They are critically endangered due to habitat loss and overfishing.
Requiem Sharks are a family of sharks known for their adaptability and wide distribution. They are often found in warm, shallow waters and are key marine predators.
Incidental Catch refers to non-target species caught during fishing. It poses threats to marine biodiversity and requires better management to protect vulnerable species.

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