Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health 2025

The second Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health, hosted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Government of Colombia, concluded recently in Cartagena. This event sought to galvanise global support to halve air pollution-related deaths by 2040. Nearly seven million people die prematurely each year due to air pollution, with developing countries and vulnerable communities being disproportionately affected.

Current Global Air Pollution Statistics

About 2.1 billion people die from energy poverty. Nine out of ten individuals breathe air that violates WHO guidelines. Furthermore, 2.7 billion children under 15 are exposed to unsafe air. The global health cost of air pollution is estimated at $8.1 trillion, representing 6.1% of the global GDP.

Health Impacts of Air Pollution

Air pollution affects every organ system in the body. Pollutants cause oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to various health issues. Evidence shows that air pollution impacts brain health from prenatal stages to late adulthood. It is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, anxiety, and increased risk of dementia in the elderly.

Benefits of Improved Air Quality

Studies highlight health benefits from improved air quality. For instance, meeting WHO guidelines could prevent thousands of asthma cases in young people. The potential economic benefit of improved air quality is substantial, with estimates of avoided health costs reaching billions.

Energy Transition and Air Quality

Transitioning to clean energy is crucial for reducing air pollution. Fossil fuel-derived outdoor air pollution deaths dropped by 6.9% between 2016 and 2021, largely due to reduced coal burning. The focus on black carbon is essential, as it is a major health disruptor linked to various diseases.

Addressing Energy Poverty

Energy poverty remains challenge, particularly for low-income households. Although initiatives like India’s Ujjwala programme have expanded LPG access, many still face economic barriers. Increased investment is necessary to ensure a just energy transition.

Global Investments in Air Quality

There is a pressing need for greater financial support for air quality projects. Currently, only 1% of international development aid is allocated to outdoor air quality. This figure could rise if projects with co-benefits are included. A stable regulatory environment is essential for effective action.

Human Stories and Advocacy

The conference also brought into light personal stories, including that of Rosamund Adoo-Kissi-Debrah, who fought for recognition of air pollution as the cause of her daughter’s death. Medical professionals shared compelling evidence from their experiences, emphasising the urgent need for policy change.

Local Actions and Global Change

Empowering cities to take action on air quality can lead to improvements. Initiatives in London, such as ultra-low emissions zones, have shown promising results in reducing pollution levels. Collaborative efforts among mayors from various cities can encourage cross-learning and effective strategies.

Month: Current Affairs - March, 2025

Category: Environment Current Affairs