Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources

The oceans are home to a wide range of resources, including biotic, mineral, and energy resources. These resources are essential for supporting human and natural systems, providing important food, energy, and economic benefits. Biotic Resources Biotic resources refer to the ..

Waves, Currents and Tides

Waves, currents, and tides are the three primary types of water motion in the oceans. They are essential components of the marine environment, influencing a range of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Waves Waves are disturbances that move through the ..

Heat and Salt budgets

The heat and salt budgets of the oceans are essential components of the marine environment, influencing a range of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Heat Budget of the Oceans The heat budget of the oceans refers to the balance of ..

Ocean deposits

The ocean floor is covered with a wide range of sediments, including rocks, sand, and organic matter. These sediments play a crucial role in the functioning of marine ecosystems and provide important insights into the geological history of the Earth. ..

Temperature and salinity of the oceans

Temperature and salinity are two of the most important physical properties of the oceans. They play a crucial role in regulating the Earth’s climate and supporting a wide range of marine life. Temperature of the Oceans Temperature is a fundamental ..

Indian and Pacific Oceans

The Indian and Pacific Oceans are two of the largest bodies of water on Earth, covering a combined area of over 170 million square kilometers. Despite their shared vastness, these two oceans differ in their physical, chemical, and biological properties, ..

Bottom topography of the Atlantic

The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean on Earth, covering an area of approximately 106.4 million square kilometers. Its vast expanse includes a diverse range of seafloor features, including mountains, ridges, and canyons, which are shaped by a range of ..

Wonders of Oceanography

Oceanography is the scientific study of the ocean and its various physical, chemical, and biological properties. With over 70% of the Earth’s surface covered by water, the oceans play a vital role in regulating the planet’s climate and supporting a ..

Applied Climatology and Urban Climate

Applied climatology is the study of how climate information can be used to inform decision-making in a range of fields, including agriculture, water management, and urban planning. Urban climate, on the other hand, focuses on the specific climate conditions found ..

Global Climatic Change and Role and Response of Man in climatic changes

Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. It is a complex phenomenon that is driven by a range of factors, including human activity, changes in land use, and natural processes such as volcanic ..