Forest Land Encroachment in India

In recent years, India has faced challenge regarding forest land encroachment. A report from the Union Environment Ministry reveals that over 13,056 square kilometres of forest land is currently encroached upon. This area surpasses the combined geographical size of Delhi, Sikkim, and Goa.

Extent of Forest Encroachment

As of March 2024, the total encroached forest area covers 13,056 square kilometres across 25 states and Union Territories. Madhya Pradesh leads with 5,460.9 square kilometres affected. Assam follows with 3,620.9 square kilometres. Other notable states include Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Arunachal Pradesh, among others, each reporting encroachment levels.

State-wise Breakdown

• The report provides a detailed breakdown of encroachment by state. Madhya Pradesh has the highest encroachment, followed by Assam, Karnataka, and Maharashtra.
• Other affected states include Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Mizoram, and Jharkhand.
• Smaller encroachments are noted in Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Punjab, among others.
• 10 states/UTs have not reported their data. These include Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Telangana, West Bengal, Nagaland, Delhi, Jammu & Kashmir, and Ladakh.

Categories of Forest Land

Forest land in India is classified into three main categories – reserved forests, protected forests, and unclassed forests. Reserved forests receive full protection, prohibiting activities like hunting and grazing. Protected forests allow certain activities unless explicitly restricted. Unclassed forests are not classified and may lack formal protection.

Efforts to Address Encroachment

The ministry has reported the removal of encroachment from 409.77 square kilometres of forest land. However, it remains uncertain whether this area is included in the total encroached figure. The ministry has been proactive in seeking data from states, sending multiple reminders and holding meetings to ensure compliance.

Impact of Encroachment

The encroachment of forest land poses severe environmental risks. It impacts biodiversity, disrupts ecosystems, and contributes to climate change. The loss of forest cover also affects local communities reliant on these ecosystems for their livelihoods. Addressing this issue is critical for sustainable development in India.

Month: Current Affairs - April, 2025

Category: Environment Current Affairs