Faecal Coliform Bacteria in Ganga

The Maha Kumbh Mela 2025 has attracted millions of devotees to Prayagraj. However, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has reported alarming levels of faecal coliform bacteria in the Ganga. These bacteria are indicators of water contamination from human and animal waste. The presence of these bacteria poses health risks, especially during a time when many are immersing themselves in the river for religious rituals.

About Faecal Coliform Bacteria

• Faecal coliform bacteria are microorganisms found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals, including humans.
• They are typically present in faecal matter.
• Their presence in water indicates potential contamination from sewage or animal waste.
• High levels of these bacteria suggest that water may also contain harmful pathogens, such as viruses and parasites, which can cause diseases.

Health Risks Associated with Faecal Coliform

• Exposure to water contaminated with faecal coliform bacteria can lead to various health issues.
• These include gastrointestinal diseases like diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, and typhoid fever.
• Consuming or bathing in contaminated water can result in stomach aches and other serious ailments.
• It also increases risks of cholera and hepatitis.
• The Centre for Science and Environment has reported that untreated sewage exposure can cause skin diseases and gastrointestinal infections among farmers using contaminated water for irrigation.

Safe Levels of Faecal Coliform

• According to guidelines set by the Ministry of Urban Development, the desirable limit for faecal coliform is 500 Most Probable Number (MPN) per 100 millilitres of water.
• The maximum permissible limit is capped at 2,500 MPN/100ml.
• Recent reports indicate that levels in the Ganga near Prayagraj have surpassed these limits, with readings as high as 11,000 MPN/100ml.

Sources of Contamination

• Contamination of the Ganga primarily arises from untreated sewage and animal waste.
• Factors contributing to high faecal coliform levels include sewage leakage, ineffective sewage treatment plants, and agricultural runoff.
• The CPCB has noted that untreated faecal material adds organic material to the water, leading to oxygen depletion and threatening aquatic life.

Month: Current Affairs - February, 2025

Category: Environment Current Affairs