Evidence of Ancient Martian Ocean Discovered by Zhurong

February 26, 2025

Recent findings from China’s Zhurong rover have revealed evidence of an ancient ocean on Mars. Ground-penetrating radar data suggests the presence of sandy beach-like structures beneath the Martian surface. This discovery supports the hypothesis of a large ocean, known as Deuteronilus, that existed approximately 3.5 to 4 billion years ago. During this time, Mars had a thicker atmosphere and a warmer climate, conditions that may have supported life.

Zhurong Rover’s Mission and Findings

The Zhurong rover operated from May 2021 to May 2022.
It travelled 1.2 miles (1.9 km) in Utopia Planitia, a vast plain in Mars’ northern hemisphere.
The rover used ground-penetrating radar to probe up to 80 meters (260 feet) below the surface.
It detected layers of material resembling sand at depths of 33 to 115 feet (10 to 35 meters).
These layers sloped similarly to terrestrial beaches, indicating ancient coastal deposits.

Implications of the Discovery

The presence of these beach-like structures suggests that Mars once had a large and long-lived body of water. Researchers believe that waves and tides shaped these deposits, similar to processes on Earth. This ancient ocean could have influenced Mars’ climate and landscape, creating environments potentially suitable for life.

Evidence Supporting Ocean Hypothesis

Researchers ruled out alternative explanations for the detected structures. Wind-blown dunes and ancient river deposits were considered but did not match the observed patterns. The structures found align more closely with beach formations, strengthening the ocean hypothesis. The preservation of these features is attributed to being buried under material from dust storms and volcanic activity.

Geological History of Mars

Mars, along with other planets in the solar system, formed approximately 4.5 billion years ago. The hypothesised ocean would have existed for about a billion years before Mars underwent dramatic climatic changes. These changes likely led to the loss of surface water, but scientists believe some water remains trapped underground.

Future Research Directions

The discovery of these coastal deposits opens new avenues for research on Mars. Future missions may focus on exploring these areas to search for signs of past life. About the history of water on Mars is crucial for comprehending the planet’s potential to support life.

Importance of Shorelines in Astrobiology

Shorelines are considered prime locations for finding evidence of past life. Similar environments on Earth, where life began, highlight the significance of these findings. The study of Martian shorelines may provide vital information about the origins of life beyond Earth.

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