Egypt Achieves Historic Malaria-Free Certification

October 21, 2024

Egypt was officially certified as malaria-free by the World Health Organization (WHO). This achievement is described as “truly historic.” It marks the end of a long battle against malaria in a country where the disease has existed since ancient times. WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus brought to light the significance of this milestone for Egypt’s future.

The Significance of Certification

The certification from WHO indicates that Egypt has successfully interrupted the chain of malaria transmission for at least three consecutive years. This means that there have been no indigenous cases of malaria caused by Anopheles mosquitoes during this period. Certification also requires a country to prove it can prevent the re-establishment of malaria transmission.

Global Context

Egypt is now one of 44 countries and one territory that have received malaria-free certification from WHO. Each of these nations has demonstrated progress in combating the disease. Globally, malaria remains a major health issue, causing over 600,000 deaths annually, with 95% of these fatalities occurring in Africa. In 2022, there were 249 million reported cases of malaria worldwide.

About Malaria

Malaria is a disease caused by parasites transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. The primary vectors are Anopheles mosquitoes, which thrive in tropical climates. Symptoms include fever, chills, and flu-like illness, which can lead to severe complications if untreated.

History of Malaria in Egypt

Malaria has been part of Egyptian history for centuries. Efforts to control the disease date back to the 1920s. Initial strategies included banning certain agricultural practices that increased mosquito populations. However, during World War II, cases surged due to population displacement, peaking at over three million cases in 1942.

Modern Control Measures

The construction of the Aswan Dam in the 1960s introduced new challenges. Standing water created ideal breeding conditions for mosquitoes. Despite these setbacks, by 2001, Egypt had managed to control malaria effectively. This control involved extensive public health campaigns, improved diagnosis, and treatment protocols.

Malaria’s Global Impact

Nigeria remains the country with the highest malaria mortality rates, accounting for over a quarter of all malaria-related deaths. Other countries with malaria burdens include the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, and Mozambique. The fight against malaria continues globally, with many nations striving for similar achievements as Egypt.

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