Discovery of Exoplanet K2-18 b

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope has made a discovery by identifying an exoplanet called K2-18 b, located in a habitable zone, suggesting conditions may support liquid water and potentially life.

Characteristics of K2-18 b

K2-18 b is approximately 124 light-years from Earth. It has a radius 2.6 times that of Earth and a mass 8.6 times greater. These features make it a prime candidate for the search for extraterrestrial life.

The atmosphere of K2-18 b contains methane and carbon dioxide. These gases are often associated with biological processes. Notably, dimethyl sulfide (DMS) has also been detected, a molecule linked to life on Earth.

The Hycean Planet Hypothesis

Scientists propose that K2-18 b could be a “Hycean” planet. This term indicates the potential for oceans and a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, which could create environments suitable for life.

The Kepler Space Telescope first identified K2-18 b in 2009. Recent studies by the James Webb Space Telescope have provided detailed analyses of its atmosphere, enhancing our understanding of this exoplanet.

The presence of DMS is particularly intriguing. On Earth, DMS is produced by plankton in oceans, hinting at possible biological activity on K2-18 b. However, the planet’s size raises questions about its habitability.

Research and Future Exploration

The research team, led by astronomer Nikku Madhusudhan, advocates for exploring diverse planetary types. While smaller, rocky planets have been the primary focus, larger planets like K2-18 b may yield critical vital information about atmospheric conditions.

The James Webb Space Telescope dedicated eight hours to studying K2-18 b’s atmosphere. This extensive observation aimed to confirm the presence of DMS and assess the planet’s potential for supporting life.

GKToday Notes:

1. K2-18 b: K2-18 b is an exoplanet located in a habitable zone. It is 124 light-years from Earth and has a radius 2.6 times larger than Earth’s.
2. Hycean Planet: The term “Hycean” describes planets with potential oceans and hydrogen-rich atmospheres. These conditions may encourage environments suitable for life, expanding the search for extraterrestrial life.
3. Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS): DMS is a molecule linked to biological processes on Earth. Its detection on K2-18 b suggests possible biological activity, intriguing scientists about the planet’s habitability.

Month: Current Affairs - December, 2024

Category: Science & Technology Current Affairs