Deep Sea Mining

July 4, 2023

The International Seabed Authority (ISA) plays a crucial role in regulating deep sea mining and safeguarding marine ecosystems. As interest in mining the ocean floor grows, concerns are being raised about the potential impacts on fragile habitats and biodiversity.

Regulating the Ocean Floor

The International Seabed Authority is tasked with the responsibility of overseeing mining activities on the world’s ocean floor. Its primary role is to establish regulations that balance the exploitation of resources with the protection of marine environments and the interests of humanity.

Materials of Interest

Deep sea deposits hold valuable resources, including nickel, rare earths, cobalt, and more. These materials are vital for renewable energy technologies, everyday technology like cellphones and computers, and the green energy transition.

Current Regulatory Landscape

Countries retain authority over their maritime territories, while the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas governs the high seas and international ocean floor. This framework emphasizes the “common heritage of mankind” and the need to manage mineral resources in a way that supports marine scientific research, protects the environment, and shares economic benefits.

Pressure to Establish Regulations

The ISA faces mounting pressure to establish comprehensive regulations due to an application for deep sea mining. A clause triggered by this application requires the completion of regulations by July 2023. Failure to finalize these regulations may lead to individual countries conducting mining activities without appropriate governing rules.

Environmental Concerns

Deep sea mining raises significant environmental concerns. Mining activities can cause damage to marine ecosystems, including noise pollution, chemical leaks, and sediment plumes. These activities can disrupt delicate habitats and harm marine life, raising concerns about irreversible biodiversity loss.

Stance of Companies and Countries

Companies such as Google, Samsung, BMW, and others have pledged to avoid using minerals mined from the ocean. They support the World Wildlife Fund’s call to prioritize sustainable sourcing. Additionally, several countries, including France, Germany, and certain Pacific Island nations, have officially called for a ban or moratorium on deep sea mining until robust environmental safeguards are in place. In contrast, Norway is considering opening its waters to mining, reflecting divergent opinions on this issue.

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