1. Which of the following countries have banned death sentence for all crimes?
- Chad
- Burkino Faso
- Saudi Arabia
- Madagascar
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1, 2 & 3
[B] Only 2, 3 & 4
[C] Only 1, 2 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Only 1, 2 & 4]
Notes:- In 2020, Chad abolished death penalty for all crimes.
- In 2018, Burkino Faso abolished death penalty for all crimes.
- In 2020, Saudi Arabia has abolished flogging (whipping or lashing) as a form of punishment and the death sentence for minors.
- In 2015, Congo, Fiji, Madagascar, and Surinam abolished death penalty for all crimes.
2. Which of the following islands are located in Pacific Ocean?
- Lubang Island
- Zmiinyi Island
- Kuril Island
- Timor Island
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1, 2 & 3
[B] Only 2 & 4
[C] Only 3 & 4
[D] Only 1, 3 & 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Only 1, 3 & 4]
Notes:- Lubang Island is the largest island in the Lubang Group of Islands, an archipelago which lies to the northwest of the northern end of Mindroro in the Phillippines.
- Snake Island, also known as Serpent Island or Zmiinyi Island, is an island belonging to Ukraine located in the Black Sea, near the Danube Delta.
- Kuril Islands are stretched from the Japanese island of Hokkaido to the southern tip of Russia’s Kamchatka Peninsula separating Okhotsk Sea from the North Pacific Ocean.
- Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is divided between the sovereign states of East Timor on the eastern part and Indonesia on the western part.
3. Identify the element using the statements given below:
- It participates in weak nuclear force.
- It has no electrical charge.
- It is created by beta-decay of atomic nuclei.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Electron
[B] Proton
[C] Neutron
[D] Neutrino
Show Answer
Correct Answer: D [Neutrino]
Notes:- A neutrino is a subatomic particle that is very similar to an electron, but has no electrical charge and a very small mass, which might even be zero. Neutrinos are one of the most abundant particles in the universe. Because they have very little interaction with matter, however, they are incredibly difficult to detect. Both electrons and neutrinos participate equally in the weak nuclear force. Particles with this property are termed leptons.
- Wolfgang Pauli first postulated the existance of the neutrino in 1930.
- The first detection of neutrinos did not occur until 1955, when Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines recorded anti-neutrinos emitted by a nuclear reactor.
- The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015 recognises Takaaki Kajitain Japan and Arthur B. McDonald in Canada, for their key contributions to the experiments which demonstrated that neutrinos change identities. This metamorphosis requires that neutrinos have mass.
- Neutrinos are created by various radioactive decays; the following list is not exhaustive, but includes some of those processes:
- Beta decay of atomic nuclei or hadrons,
- Natural nuclear reactions such as those that take place in the core of a star
- artificial nuclear reactions in nuclear reactors, nuclear bombs, or particle accelerators
- during a supernova
- during the spin-down of a neutron star
- when cosmic rays or accelerated particle beams strike atoms.
- The main difference between neutrons and neutrinos is that neutrons are made of quarks, whereas neutrinos are a type of fundamental particles that are not made of any other particles.
