1. Consider the following pairs:
- Bahrain – Nicosia
- Qatar – Doha
- Ecuador – Manama
- Scotland – Edinburgh
Which of the pairs given above are correct?
[A] Only 1 and 2
[B] Only 2 and 4
[C] Only 1, 2 and 3
[D] 1, 2, 3 and 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 2 and 4]
Notes:
Bahrain’s capital is Manama, not Nicosia (which is Cyprus’ capital). Qatar’s capital is Doha. Ecuador’s capital is Quito, not Manama. Scotland’s capital is Edinburgh. Thus, only the second and fourth pairs are correct. The others mention incorrect country-capital pairs.
2. Consider the following statements:
- Bioventing and Biosparging are considered ex-situ bioremediation technologies.
- In Bioventing, air and nutrients are injected, while Biosparging involves the addition of cultured microorganisms to the subsurface.
Which of the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Neither 1 nor 2
[C] Only 2
[D] Both 1 and 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Neither 1 nor 2]
Notes:
Both statements are incorrect. Bioventing and Biosparging are in-situ, not ex-situ, remediation technologies. Bioventing injects air or oxygen (sometimes nutrients) to stimulate indigenous microorganisms, not cultured ones. Biosparging also introduces air and nutrients to increase the activity of native microorganisms, not by adding cultured microbes.
3. Which of the following is the correct sequence of decomposition processes?
- Catabolism
- Fragmentation
- Leaching
- Humification
- Mineralisation
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] 2, 3, 1, 4, 5
[B] 3, 2, 4, 5, 1
[C] 2, 3, 4, 1, 5
[D] 2, 3, 1, 5, 4
Show Answer
Correct Answer: A [2, 3, 1, 4, 5]
Notes:
The correct sequence of decomposition is: fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification, and mineralisation. Fragmentation breaks detritus into smaller pieces; leaching removes soluble nutrients; catabolism degrades organic matter; humification forms humus; and mineralisation releases inorganic nutrients. This sequence is essential for nutrient cycling in ecosystems.
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