1. Which of the following countries have granted legal rights to non-living entities?
- Ecuador
- Bolivia
- New Zealand
- India
- Bhutan
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1 & 5
[B] Only 1, 2 & 3
[C] Only 2, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 1, 2 & 3]
Notes:
Ecuador (2008) and Bolivia (2011) constitutionally recognized legal rights for nature. New Zealand granted legal status to the Whanganui River in 2017. India’s Uttarakhand High Court verdict granting such status to Ganga and Yamuna was later stayed by the Supreme Court. Bhutan has not granted legal rights to non-living entities. Hence, only 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
2. With reference to the Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court of India, consider the following statements:
- A Constitution Bench consists of a minimum of three judges as per legal provisions.
- It is mandatory for the Chief Justice of India (CJI) to be a member of every Constitution Bench.
Which of the above statements is / are correct?
[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Neither 1 nor 2
[D] Both 1 and 2
Show Answer
Correct Answer: C [Neither 1 nor 2]
Notes:
As per Article 145(3) of the Constitution and Supreme Court rules, a Constitution Bench must comprise at least five judges, not three. Furthermore, it is not binding on the Chief Justice of India to be a part of every Constitution Bench; the CJI decides its composition but need not participate directly. Thus, both statements are incorrect.
3. Which of the following countries are part of the Balkan nations?
- Estonia
- Albania
- Macedonia
- Lithuania
- Latvia
- Romania
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] Only 1, 4 & 5
[B] Only 2, 3 & 6
[C] Only 1, 2, 3 & 6
[D] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6
Show Answer
Correct Answer: B [Only 2, 3 & 6]
Notes:
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are Baltic states and not part of the Balkan region. The Balkans include Albania, Macedonia (North Macedonia), and Romania along with other countries in southeastern Europe. Therefore, only options 2, 3, and 6 correctly represent Balkan nations among the given countries.
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