23 Blood-Sucking Flies Discovered in Andaman and Nicobar Islands

January 21, 2025

Recent research by the Zoological Survey of India has revealed 23 species of blood-sucking flies, known as Culicoides, in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. This study marks the first comprehensive survey of these insects in the region, with 13 species identified for the first time in India. The findings raise concerns about the transmission of bluetongue disease, which poses threat to livestock.

Identification of New Species

Researchers identified 23 species of Culicoides. Thirteen of these are new to India. The survey included 3,529 adult specimens.

Characteristics of Culicoides

Culicoides are small, blood-sucking flies.
They resemble flies but are more closely related to mosquitoes.
Locally, they are called “bhusi flies.”

Feeding Habits

These flies primarily feed on the blood of livestock such as sheep, goats, and cattle. They also feed on wild animals, including deer.

Bluetongue Disease Transmission

Five Culicoides species are known vectors for bluetongue disease. This disease can be fatal for livestock, leading to symptoms such as fever, facial swelling, and blue discolouration of the tongue.

Impact on Agriculture

Bluetongue disease poses threat to livestock farming. Its presence could impact the agricultural economy in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Human Interaction

Seventeen of the identified species are known to bite humans. However, there have been no reported cases of disease transmission to humans.

Need for Surveillance

Regular surveillance is crucial due to the presence of multiple Culicoides species. This is particularly important for a region that attracts many tourists.

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